水产育种生物技术发展战略研究  

Development Strategy for Aquatic Breeding Biotechnology

作　　者：陈松林 徐文腾[1,2] 卢昇 胡炜 王德寿[4] 胡晓丽[5] 周茜[1,2] 刘清华 赵紫霞[7] 覃钦博[8] 王师[5] 刘洋[1,2] 崔忠凯 Chen Songlin;Xu Wenteng;Lu Sheng;Hu Wei;Wang Deshou;Hu Xiaoli;Zhou Qian;Liu Qinghua;Zhao Zixia;Qin Qinbo;Wang Shi;Liu Yang;Cui Zhongkai(State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods,Qingdao 266071,Shandong,China;Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Qingdao 266071,Shandong,China;Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China;School of Life Sciences,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;College of Marine Life Sciences,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,Shandong,China;Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266071,Shandong,China;Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Beijing 100141,China;College of Life Sciences,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410081,China)

机构地区：[1]海水养殖生物育种与可持续产出全国重点实验室,山东青岛266071 [2]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,山东青岛266071 [3]中国科学院水生生物研究所,武汉430072 [4]西南大学生命科学学院,重庆400715 [5]中国海洋大学海洋生命学院,山东青岛266003 [6]中国科学院海洋研究所,山东青岛266071 [7]中国水产科学研究院,北京100141 [8]湖南师范大学生命科学学院,长沙410081

出　　处：《中国工程科学》2023年第4期214-226,共13页Strategic Study of CAE

基　　金：中国工程院咨询项目“生物技术助力水产种业高质量发展战略研究”(2022-XY-97);山东省重点研发计划项目(2023ZLYS02);山东省泰山学者攀登计划项目。

摘　　要：生物技术是水产种业可持续发展的核心驱动力,全面提升水产育种生物技术创新能力并实现种源自主可控,对于保障国家食品安全具有重要意义。本文梳理了我国水产育种的发展现状和存在的问题,总结了国内外水产行业在转基因育种、倍性育种、分子标记辅助育种、基因组选择育种、基因组编辑育种、分子设计育种、生殖干细胞移植等生物技术方向的研究进展与应用情况,进一步分析了相关技术方向上的未来研发需求。研究提出了未来水产育种生物技术的发展目标,包括水产生物优异种质资源收集、保存与精准鉴定,重要性状遗传基础与调控机制深度解析,高效精准育种技术创建,突破性新品种创制在内的重点任务。研究建议,优化水产种业发展政策、推动水产育种技术创新、建立水产良种创制与转化平台、设立专门项目推动技术创新和种业发展,以此推动我国由水产种业大国向水产种业强国的深刻转变。Biotechnology is crucial for the sustainable development of the aquatic seed industry.Therefore,improving the innovation capability in aquatic breeding and making seed sources independent are significant for ensuring food security in China.This study summarizes the development status and problems of aquatic breeding in China and analyzes the status of research and application of seven types of biotechnology for aquatic breeding,namely,transgenic breeding,ploidy breeding,molecular-marker-assisted breeding,genomic selection breeding,genome editing breeding,molecular design breeding,and germline stem cell transplantation;future research and development demand for these technical fields in China is further analyzed.Moreover,future development goals and major tasks are suggested,including collecting,preserving,and accurately identifying excellent germplasm resources of aquatic organisms,profoundly analyzing the genetic basis and regulatory mechanism of critical traits,developing efficient and accurate breeding technologies,and achieving breakthroughs in the creation of new varieties.Furthermore,following suggestions are proposed:optimizing development policies of the aquatic seed industry,promoting technological innovation in aquatic breeding,establishing platforms for aquatic variety creation and transformation,and setting up special projects to accelerate technological innovation and development of the aquatic seed industry.

关 键 词：生物技术 水产育种技术 传统育种技术 分子育种技术 智能育种技术 

分 类 号：S96[农业科学—水产养殖]