宝山区45起诺如病毒聚集性疫情分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of 45 norovirus clusters in Baoshan District

作　　者：郑家乐 冯太聪 向伦辉[1] 张月娟[2] 唐小德 沈隽卿[2] 刘效峰[1] ZHENG Jiale;FENG Taicong;XIANG Lunhui;ZHANG Yuejuan;TANG Xiaode;SHEN Junqing;LIU Xiaofeng(Department of Acute Infectious Diseases,Baoshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 201901,China;Baoshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 201901,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市宝山区疾病预防控制中心急性传染病防制科,上海201901 [2]上海市宝山区疾病预防控制中心,上海201901

出　　处：《预防医学》2023年第9期803-806,共4页CHINA PREVENTIVE MEDICINE JOURNAL

基　　金：宝山区传染病流行病学重点学科项目(BSZK-2023-A20);宝山区科学发展基金项目(21-E-09)。

摘　　要：目的了解2019—2021年上海市宝山区诺如病毒聚集性疫情流行特征,为加强诺如病毒聚集性疫情防控提供依据。方法收集2019—2021年宝山区45起诺如病毒聚集性疫情的现场流行病学调查资料和实验室检测资料,采用描述性流行病学方法分析诺如病毒聚集性疫情的时间分布、人群分布、发生场所分布、临床表现、实验室检测结果、感染来源和传播途径等流行特征。结果2019—2021年宝山区报告诺如病毒聚集性疫情45起,涉及29379人,报告病例435例,平均罹患率为1.48%。11月至次年4月为疫情高发季。发病人群以学生为主,408例占93.79%。托幼机构发生25起,占55.56%;中小学校18起,占40.00%;社会托育点和老年病房各发生1起。临床症状以呕吐为主,416例占95.63%。采集样本597件,诺如病毒阳性率为37.35%。由诺如病毒GⅡ型病原体引起40起,占88.89%。疫情持续时间M(Q_(R))为6(1)d;82.22%(37起)的疫情发生1 d内报告给疾病预防控制中心。88.89%(40起)的疫情传播途径为人传人或暴露于病例呕吐物。结论2019—2021年宝山区诺如病毒聚集性疫情冬春季高发,学生为主要发病人群,托幼机构和中小学校为主要发生场所,GⅡ为主要病原体型别,人传人和暴露于病例呕吐物为主要传播途径。Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of 45 norovirus clusters in Baoshan District,Shanghai Municipality from 2019 to 2021,so as to provide the evidence for improving the management of norovirus clusters.Methods The epidemiological characteristics and laboratory testing of 45 norovirus clusters were collected in Baoshan District from 2019 to 2021,and the temporal distribution,population distribution,distribution of places of noro⁃virus clusters,clinical manifestations,laboratory testing results,origin of norovirus infection and transmission routes of norovirus clusters were analyzed using a descriptive epidemiological method.Results A total of 45 norovirus clusters in⁃volving 29379 individuals were reported in Baoshan District from 2019 to 2021,and 435 cases with norovirus infec⁃tions were identified,with an average attack rate of 1.48%.Norovirus infection most often occurred from November to April of the following year,and the infection predominantly occurred among students(408 cases,93.79%).There were 25 norovirus clusters in kindergartens(55.56%),18 clusters in primary and middle schools(40.00%),one cluster in a social care facility and one cluster in a geriatric ward.Vomiting was the predominant clinical symptom(416 cases,95.63%).The positive rate of norovirus was 37.35%in 597 samples.There were 40 norovirus clusters caused by the no⁃rovirus GⅡgenotype(88.89%),and the median duration of the norovirus cluster was 6 days(interquartile range,1 day).In addition,82.22%of the norovirus clusters reported to centers for disease control and prevention within 1 day,and 88.89%of the clusters were transmitted through human to human transmission or vomitus of cases.Conclu⁃sions The norovirus clusters predominantly occur in winter/spring and among students in Baoshan District from 2019 to 2021.Kindergartens and primary and middle schools are main places of norovirus infections,and the norovirus GⅡgenotype is the main type of pathogens.Human-to-human transmission and exposure to patients

关 键 词：诺如病毒 聚集性疫情 托幼机构 学校 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]