黄土高原2000—2020年生态网络演变及关键修复区识别  

Evolution of ecological network and identification of key restoration areas in the Loess Plateau during 2000-2020

作　　者：赵菊花 杨永崇[1] 王涛[2] 杨梅焕[1] 谢艳玲[3] 郭志炜 陈佳旺 ZHAO Juhua;YANG Yongchong;WANG Tao;YANG Meihuan;XIE Yanling;GUO Zhiwei;CHEN Jiawang(College of Geomatics,Xi'an University of Science and Technology,Xi'an 710054,China;Institute of Territorial Space,Xi'an University of Science and Technology,Xi'an 710054,China;First Surveying and Mapping Institute of Guizhou Provence,Guiyang 550025,China;WSGRI Smart City(Wuhan)Engineering Technology Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]西安科技大学测绘科学与技术学院,陕西西安710054 [2]西安科技大学国土空间研究所,陕西西安710054 [3]贵州省第一测绘院,贵州贵阳550025 [4]中冶武勘智诚(武汉)工程技术有限公司,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《测绘通报》2023年第8期19-23,77,共6页Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41977059,42271309);陕西省软科学研究计划(2022KRM034)。

摘　　要：生态修复工程对国家生态保护具有重要促进作用,生态质量评价及构建生态网络是识别生态修复区域的重要途径。本文利用遥感生态指数(RSEI)、最小累积阻力模型、重力模型构建2000、2010、2020年黄土高原生态网络,并分析其演变特征,识别不同时期生态关键修复区。结果表明:①2000—2020年,黄土高原生态质量整体处于中等偏低水平,空间上呈西北差东南优的分布特征。2000—2010年,生态质量改善趋势明显,占总面积的53.55%。②2000—2020年黄土高原生态廊道数量增加,总长度减少。生态廊道主要景观类型为草地、林地、耕地。重要廊道多分布于研究区东南部生态源地附近,数量占比逐年增加;西北部廊道数量少、距离远、重要性低、连通性较差。③黄土高原生态关键修复区中,生态夹点集中分布在西南部和东部,障碍点分散在东部和南部,主要土地利用类型为草地和耕地,面积均呈增加趋势。生态断裂点分布广泛,在黄土高原东部省会城市周边较集聚。本研究可为黄土高原国土空间生态修复工程实施提供科学参考。Ecological restoration projects play an important role in promoting national ecological protection.Ecological quality assessment and ecological network construction are important ways to identify ecological restoration areas.In this paper,remote sensing ecological index(RSEI),minimum cumulative resistance model and gravity model are used to construct the Loess Plateau ecological network in 2000,2010 and 2020,and its evolution characteristics is analyzed,ecological key restoration areas in different periods are identified.The results show that:①From 2000 to 2020,the overall ecological quality of the Loess Plateau was at a moderate and low level,with a spatial distribution feature of poor ecological quality in the northwest and better ecological quality in the southeast.From 2000 to 2010,the ecological quality improved significantly,accounting for 53.55%of the total area.②From 2000 to 2020,the number of ecological corridors on the Loess Plateau increased,while the total length decreased.The main landscape types of ecological corridor are grassland,woodland and cultivated land.Most important corridors were distributed near the ecological source area in the southeast of the study area,and the number proportion increased year by year.The northwest corridor is small in number,long in distance,low in importance and poor in connectivity.③In the key ecological restoration areas of the Loess Plateau,the ecological pinch points were concentrated in the southwest and the east,and the obstacle points were scattered in the east and the south.The main land use types were grassland and cultivated land,and the area showed an increasing trend.Ecological fracture points are widely distributed and clustered around provincial capitals in the east of the Loess Plateau.This study can provide scientific reference for the implementation of territorial ecological restoration projects on the Loess Plateau.

关 键 词：生态修复 遥感生态指数 电路理论 生态夹点 黄土高原 

分 类 号：P237[天文地球—摄影测量与遥感]