丹江源地区地质建造对土壤和植被生态空间格局的影响  

Influence of Geological Formation on the Ecological Spatial Pattern of Soil and Vegetation in the Danjiang River Source Region

作　　者：钱信禹 边小卫 张亚峰 王颖维 杨运军 游军 QIAN Xinyu;BIAN Xiaowei;ZHANG Yafeng;WANG Yingwei;YANG Yunjun;YOU Jun(Shaanxi Center of Mineral Geological Survey,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710068,China;Shaanxi Geological Science and Technology Center,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省矿产地质调查中心,陕西西安710068 [2]陕西省地质科技中心,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《现代地质》2023年第4期903-913,共11页Geoscience

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划项目(2021SF2-03);陕西省公益性项目(202003,202002);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2022JQ-292)。

摘　　要：为探讨地质建造对陕西丹江源地区土壤和植被生态空间格局的影响,支撑流域生态管理,本文结合地理信息系统(GIS)、遥感(RS)和元素地球化学测试方法,从地质建造类型、土壤养分含量和节理发育程度等方面,分析了地质建造对土壤性质和植被覆盖度的控制作用。研究发现,土壤的质地和理化性质、土壤和植被中营养元素含量与地质建造类型相关性明显。节理发育程度对林型和植被覆盖度影响显著。古生代基性火山岩、岩浆岩建造和三叠纪、前寒武纪酸性岩浆岩建造节理密度>4 m/m^(2),产状较陡,磷等营养元素含量高,有利于深根乔木生长,植被覆盖度高。前寒武纪碎屑岩建造、古生代酸性岩浆岩建造节理密度为3~4 m/m^(2),产状较缓,林型以灌丛为主,坡顶生长少量油松,植被覆盖度中等。白垩纪—古近纪碎屑岩建造主要为砂砾岩和泥岩互层,节理密度<1 m/m^(2),贯通性差,生长少量低矮灌木,植被覆盖度低。研究结果说明建造类型对土壤性质和植被生态格局具有重要控制作用,可为地方政府基于地质建造实施国土空间分区管控提供科学依据。To explore the major factors affecting the ecological spatial pattern of soil and vegetation in the Danjiang River source region,and support the ecological management of the basin,we analyze the contributions of different geological formations on the soil properties and vegetation coverage.The study encompasses the aspects of the type,nutrient content and joint by combining GIS,RS and elemental geochemical analysis methods.Soil texture,physical and chemical properties,and nutrient element content in soil and vegetation have clear correlations with the rock type,and the joint development has a significant impact on forest type and vegetation coverage.The joint density of the Paleozoic mafic volcanic rock and mafic magmatic rock formation,the Triassic and Precambrian felsic magmatic rock formation is over 4 m/m^(2).The occurrence is steep,and the content of P and other nutrient elements is high,which is conducive to the growth of deep-rooted trees.The joint density of the Precambrian clastic rock formation and the Paleozoic felsic magmatic rock formation is 3-4 m/m^(2),and the occurrence is relatively slow.Thus,the forest type is dominated by thickets,and minor Pinus tabulaeformis grows on the slope top.The Cretaceous-Paleogene clastic rock formation is mainly composed of glutenite and mudstone interbeds,with the joint density below 1 m/m^(2) and poor penetration,i.e.,the forest type is a small number of low shrubs.The formation type plays a vital role in controlling soil properties and ecological vegetation patterns,providing the scientific basis for local governments to implement land spatial zoning control based on geological construction.

关 键 词：地质建造 土壤养分 植被覆盖 丹江源地区 陕西商洛 

分 类 号：P642.1[天文地球—工程地质学]