华北棕壤土掺砂比对渗滤系统净化污水性能的影响  

Effect of the Sand Mixing Ratio of North China Brown Soil on Sewage Purification Performance in Infiltration System

作　　者：王滢 胡伟武[1] 陈男[1] 冯传平[1] WANG Ying;HU Weiwu;CHEN Nan;FENG Chuanping(MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution,School of Water Resources and Environment,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)水资源与环境学院,地下水循环与环境演变教育部重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《现代地质》2023年第4期914-924,共11页Geoscience

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(41972257)。

摘　　要：土壤渗滤系统对农村生活污水治理具有重要意义,然而系统易堵塞与复氧效果差等特征限制了该技术应用。为提高系统渗透性与氨氮去除率,本次研究向本地棕壤土中掺入不同比例的矿物颗粒来改变孔隙率,分析了其在不同水力负荷下的污染物去除效果,并基于高通量测序与PICRUSt2功能预测揭示微生物群落响应机制。结果表明,在0.1 m^(3)·m^(-2)·d^(-1)的水力负荷下,完全取代土壤的沸石体系NH4+-N去除率为91.1%,自然富集了unclassified_f_Enterobacteriaceae、Arthrobacter、Bacillus等菌属,依靠同步硝化-好氧反硝化实现了最高的氮去除率,但磷酸盐去除率仅14%。土壤占比30%时,NH4+-N去除率为93.4%,与硝化作用相关的功能基因丰度最高,磷酸盐去除率增加到25%,是构建硝化模块的科学配比。土壤占比50%及以上时,硝化功能基因丰度降低,缺氧环境增强,是适宜构建反硝化模块的配比,但由于土壤本底微生物功能以氮固定和有机物同化利用为主(Actinobacteria、Acidobacteria和Chloroflexi),进水中有机物较难被用于反硝化。本研究为提升棕壤区土壤渗滤系统氮的净化效率、生物多样性与稳定性提供科学依据,为日后组建和优化模块化渗滤系统提供理论支撑。Soil infiltration system is of great significance for the treatment of rural decentralized domestic sewage.However,the system can be blocked easily and the reaeration performance is poor,which limits the application.To improve the system permeability and the ammonia nitrogen removal rate,different proportions of mineral particles were added to the local brown soil to alter the porosity.The contaminations removal effects under different hydraulic loads were analyzed and the microbial response was revealed based on high-throughput sequencing and PICRUSt2 function prediction.The results showed that the NH4+-N removal rate of the zeolite system(which completely replaced the soil)was 91.1%under the hydraulic load of 0.1 m^(3)·m^(-2)·d^(-1).The Unclassified_f_Enterobacteriaceae,Arthrobacter,Bacillus and other bacteria were naturally enriched,which rely on simultaneous nitrification aerobic denitrification achieving the highest nitrogen removal rate,but the phosphate removal rate was only 14%.When the soil proportion was 30%,the NH4+-N removal rate was 93.4%,with the highest abundance of functional genes related to nitrification.It is a scientific ratio for constructing a nitrification module,and the phosphate removal rate increases to 25%.When the soil accounts for 50%or more,the gene abundance of nitrification function decreases and the anoxic environment increases,which is a suitable ratio for constructing a denitrification module.However,the functions of soil indigenous microorganisms are mainly nitrogen fixation and organic matter assimilation or utilization(Actinobacteria,Acidobacteria and Chl-oroflexi).It is thus difficult for the organic matter involved to be used for denitrification.This study provides a scientific basis for improving nitrogen purification efficiency,biodiversity and stability of brown soil area soil infiltration system,as well as theoretical support for future establishment and optimization of modular infiltration systems.

关 键 词：分散式生活污水 土砂比 土壤渗滤 功能微生物 酶活性 

分 类 号：P641.3[天文地球—地质矿产勘探] X52[天文地球—地质学]