高空冷涡背景下飞机积冰特征和机制的探测研究  

Study on the Characteristics and Mechanism of Aircraft Ice Accumulation Under the Background of Upper-Air Cold Vortex

作　　者：孙艳辉 张波 刘伟 刘长立 黄文震 刘正会 包兴华 寿绍文[3] 孙鹏飚 SUN Yanhui;ZHANG Bo;LIU Wei;LIU Changli;Huang Wenzhen;LIU Zhenghui;BAO Xinghua;SHOU Shaowen;SUN Pengbiao(Hulunbuir Meteorological Office of Inner Mongolia,Hulunbuir 021008;Inner Mongolia General Aviation Co.,Ltd.,Huhhot 010090;School of Atmospheric Sciences,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古呼伦贝尔市气象局,呼伦贝尔021008 [2]内蒙古通用航空股份有限公司,呼和浩特010090 [3]南京信息工程大学大气科学学院,南京210044

出　　处：《气象》2023年第8期972-984,共13页Meteorological Monthly

基　　金：内蒙古自治区气象局引导性创新基金项目(nmqxydcx202206);呼伦贝尔市气象局科学技术研究项目(hlbeqx202208)共同资助。

摘　　要：飞机结冰可能引发严重飞行事故。为了了解飞机在冷涡背景下自然结冰的特征和机制,2021年5月,内蒙古呼伦贝尔市人工增雨作业人员使用Y-12运输机在高空冷涡天气系统中进行了7个架次飞机结冰探测试验,其中出现中度和重度飞机积冰各2个架次,对飞机积冰探测的环境气象条件进行了讨论,着重分析了5月31日2个架次重度飞机积冰过程取得的DMT粒子测量数据。结果表明:飞机平飞海拔高度为3.5~4.2 km,环境温度为-8~-4℃时,重度飞机积冰出现在冷涡东南部水汽饱和区中;测量的过冷水含量在高值时段的平均值达到0.25~1.04 g·m^(-3),平均有效直径为15~100μm的粒子浓度显著偏高,达到100~200个·cm^(-3),高浓度的过冷水含量导致飞机外壳出现瞬时快速积冰。简述了高空冷涡东南象限航线上的云层粒子图像和云粒子增长方式,讨论了高空冷涡东南象限的大气结冰条件。Ice on airplanes can cause serious accidents.In order to understand the characteristics and mechanism of natural freezing of aircraft under the background of cold vortex,seven flight detections were conducted using Y-12 aircraft under the upper-air cold vortex in Hulunbuir in May 2021.Among the seven flight detections,two moderate and two intense ice accumulation occurred.This paper discusses the atmospheric environments suitable for aircraft icing detection.Characteristics and mechanism of aircraft icing are speculated based on data obtained from the Droplet Measurement Technologies,Inc.(DMT)equipments carried by the aircraft for the two intense aircraft icing processes on 31 May 2021.The results show that while the aircraft was flying at altitudes of about 3.5-4.2 km,with the ambient temperature of-8--4℃,intense aircraft ice accumulation occurred in the water vapor saturated area in the southeast of the cold vortex.The averaged supercooled liquid water content(LWC)during the high LWC value periods could reach as high as 0.25-1.04 g·m^(-3),leading to instantaneously aircraft icing,and the particle number concentration increased to 100-200 cm^(-3)for drops and ice particles with mean effective drop diameter in the range of 15-100μm.Particle images and their growth patterns in the southeast of the cold vortex were brought out.Finally,the atmospheric icing conditions in the southeast part of the cold vortex are discussed.

关 键 词：高空冷涡 飞机结冰 液态水含量 云粒子浓度 云滴平均有效直径 

分 类 号：P412[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]