基于进口视角的我国主要植物油料油脂产业安全研究  

Research on industry security of China’s main oilseeds and vegetable oils from the perspective of

作　　者：严茂林 施文华 周晓亮 张志丹 张洋[2] 吴成亮[2] YAN Mao-in;SHI Wen-hua;ZHOU Xiao-iang;ZHANG Zhi-dan;ZHANG Yang;WU Cheng-iang(State Academy of Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 102600,China;College of Economics and Management,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Agricultural Information Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100086,China)

机构地区：[1]国家林业和草原局管理干部学院,北京102600 [2]北京林业大学经济管理学院,北京100083 [3]中国农业科学院农业信息研究所,北京100086

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2023年第4期643-653,共11页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：农业农村部财政经费项目(JGHX202008);国家自然科学基金面上项目(71573019)。

摘　　要：为了解我国油脂产业安全状况,重点分析进口来源地的集中度,以大豆、油菜籽两大植物油料和豆油、花生油、菜籽油、葵花籽油、棕榈油五种植物油脂为例,测算进口依赖性和农业产业安全评价指标。结果表明,植物油料方面,大豆、油菜籽的进口来源地集中度在下降,对单一国家的进口依赖性较低,进口可靠性较高,2020年二者的产业安全指数均大于80,处于危机状态。植物油脂方面,豆油、花生油、菜籽油的进口来源地集中度在下降,对单一国家的进口依赖性较低,进口可靠性较高,而葵花籽油和棕榈油的进口来源地相对集中,对单一国家的进口依赖性较高,进口可靠性较低;2020年豆油、花生油的产业安全度指数分别为60和68,处于不安全状态,菜籽油、葵花籽油、棕榈油的产业安全度指数均大于80,处于危机状态。我国总体植物油料油脂的产业安全问题十分严峻。据此给出对策建议:适度扩大油料种植面积、培育优质种质资源、提高机械化水平、健全国内供应链体系、利用地缘政治优势和已建立的良好的国际贸易合作伙伴关系深化进口合作、鼓励有实力的农企拓展国际原料基地及供应链。To better understand import dependence and industrial safety on Chinese vegetable oils,two oil‐seeds(soybean and rapeseed)and 5 vegetable oils(soybean oil,peanut oil,rapeseed oil,sunflower oil and palm oil)were used as examples,to measure safety evaluation indexes,and to analyze the reliability and industrial safety status.Results showed that both soybean and rapeseed import concentrations are decreasing,dependence on single country became lower,thus the import reliability became higher.But the industrial safety index of both was higher than 80,still at a crisis state in 2020.In terms of main vegetable oils,the concentration of three oils(soybean oil,peanut oil and rapeseed oil)was decreasing,with low dependence on a single country with high import reliability,while sunflower oil and palm oil were relatively concentrated,with high dependence on single country in low import reliability.In 2020,the industrial safety index of soybean oil and peanut oil were 60 and 68 respectively,which were in an unsafe state.The industrial safety index of rapeseed oil,sunflower oil and palm oil were all greater than 80,which were all in crisis states.The safety problems of plant oilseed and oil industry are severe in China.We sug‐gested that moderately expanding the cultivated area of oilseeds,cultivating high quality germplasm resources,im‐proving mechanization level and domestic oil supply chain system,using the geopolitical advantage to establish good partnership,deepening the international trade cooperation,and encouraging competent agricultural enterprises to expand international raw material base and supply chain.

关 键 词：油料 油脂 进口 来源地 产业安全 

分 类 号：F362.12[经济管理—产业经济]