安徽省夏大豆产量及限制因素分析  

Analysis of summer soybean yield and limiting factors in Anhui Province

作　　者：胡国玉[1] 夏英萍 杜祥备 陈金华 李杰坤[1] 王大刚[1] 吴倩[1] 王维虎[1] 杨勇[1] 黄志平[1] HU Guo-yu;XIA Ying-ping;DU Xiang-bei;CHEN Jin-hua;LI Jie-kun;WANG Da-gang;WU Qian;WANG Wei-hu;YANG Yong;HUANG Zhing-ping(Crop Research Institute,Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hefei 230031,China;Anhui New Crop Vari-ety Testing Center,Hefei 230031,China;Anhui Province Meteorological Research Institute,Hefei 230031,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽省农业科学院作物研究所,安徽合肥230031 [2]安徽省农作物新品种测试中心,安徽合肥230031 [3]安徽省气象研究中心,安徽合肥230031

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2023年第4期793-802,共10页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家大豆产业技术体系(CARS-04-PS09)。

摘　　要：为研究安徽省夏大豆产量限制因素,探索大豆增产途径,本文基于2016-2021年安徽省夏大豆品比试验,研究夏播大豆产量表现,以及气候、病害等对产量形成的影响。结果表明:安徽省夏大豆品比试验的年度平均产量为2180.6~2826.4 kg/hm^(2),高于近年安徽省大豆生产的平均单产水平(1500 kg/hm^(2));高产年份7月下旬(开花期)的平均气温低于低产年份相同时间段气温,且没有出现日最高气温超过35℃、以及日平均气温超过30℃的高温天气;高产年份7月中旬和7月下旬的平均降雨量大于低产年份同时间段降雨量;试验期间发生秋旱的概率9月上旬>8月下旬>8月中旬;因气候及病虫害的影响,有11.1%试验点次没有获得有效的试验结果,不同年份中,最低产试验点产量比年度平均试验产量减产13.6%~36.3%。多变的过渡性气候及病害频发是影响安徽省大豆产量的主要原因。7月下旬的高温天气及9月上旬的秋季干旱是安徽省大豆产量的重要限制因素。发生在大豆花期的高温可能是本地区大豆“症青”发生的诱导因子之一。安徽省大豆增产需要从提高品种耐逆性、优化种植技术及完善水利设施等方面综合考虑。The limiting factors of summer soybean yield in Anhui Province were elucidated to provide a theo-retical reference for increasing soybean yield in this area.The summer soybean yield and the effects of climate and disease on yield formation were studied by analyzing the disease occurrence and the data of yield and meteorology of the variety comparative tests of summer soybean in Anhui Province from 2016 to 2021.The results showed that the average annual yields of the tests were between 2180.6-2826.4 kg/hm^(2),which were higher than the average yields of soybean production in Anhui Province in recent years(1500 kg/hm^(2)).The average temperatures for late July(flow-ering period)in high-yield years were lower than that in low-yield years,and there was no high-temperature weath-er with the daily maximum temperature exceeding 35℃,nor daily average temperature exceeding 30℃.The average rainfall in mid-July and late July in high-yield years were more than that in low-yield years,and the probabilities of autumn drought were early September>late August>mid-August.Due to the influences of climate,diseases and pests,11.1%of the tests did not obtain valid data,and the yield of the lowest yield experimental sites in different years decreased by 13.6%-36.3%compared with the average annual test yield.Changeable transitional climate and high disease frequency are the main reasons affecting soybean yield in Anhui Province.The high temperature in late July and the autumn drought in early September are important limiting factors for soybean yield.The high tempera-ture during the flowering period of soybean may be one of the inducing factors for the occurrence of"Zhengqing"of soybean in this area.In order to increase soybean yield in Anhui Province,comprehensive consideration should be given to improving the stress tolerance of varieties,optimizing planting techniques and improving water conservancy facilities.

关 键 词：安徽省 大豆产量 限制因素 

分 类 号：S529[农业科学—作物学] S162.5