高油大豆结瘤固氮和籽粒产质量对氮肥的响应  

Response of nodulation and nitrogen fixation and grain yield and quality of high oil soybean to nitrogen fertilizer

作　　者：邹狮 严君[1] 高瑞敏 邹文秀[1] 陆欣春[1] 陈旭[1] ZOU Shi;YAN Jun;GAO Rui-min;ZOU Wen-xiu;LU Xin-chun;CHEN Xu(Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Harbin 150081,China;Binhai Agricultural Science Research Institute,Binhai 224000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150081 [2]滨海县农业科学研究所,江苏滨海224000

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2023年第4期836-844,共9页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1500802);黑龙江省“揭榜挂帅”科技攻关项目(2021ZXJ05B03);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项A类(XDA28070000);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金资助(CARS-04)。

摘　　要：合理施用氮肥可提高大豆结瘤固氮能力,提升产量和品质,同时对于减少农业污染、提高生产效率具有重要的意义。本文研究不同施氮时期和施氮量对高油大豆结瘤固氮、酰脲、产量、脂肪及异黄酮含量的影响,明确高油大豆根瘤数量、固氮酶活性、酰脲与产量、脂肪及异黄酮含量之间的关系,为高油大豆高产优质提供理论依据。采用盆栽试验,通过在V2期(主茎第2节三出复叶全展期)和R1期(始花期),施用不同量0(CK),5 mg N/kg土(LN)和100 mg N/kg土(HN)的氮肥,测定大豆R2期(盛花期)和R5期(鼓粒始期)大豆根瘤数量、干重、固氮酶活性和酰脲含量,及成熟期时大豆籽粒产量、脂肪及异黄酮含量。不同施氮时期和施氮量对大豆结瘤和固氮能力均有显著影响。不论是V2期还是R1期施氮均降低大豆根瘤干重和数量。与CK处理相比,V2期HN处理大豆根瘤数量和干重在R2期分别下降了69.6%和88.4%。固氮酶活性和酰脲含量则均以LN处理最高,V2期和R1期施氮,LN处理在R5期的固氮酶活性较CK处理分别增加了28.5%和18.2%。大豆籽粒产量和脂肪含量均以LN处理最高,而异黄酮含量则以CK处理最高;其中LN处理籽粒脂肪含量较CK处理增加了1.7%~2.0%,HN处理异黄酮含量较CK处理降低了5.2%~11.2%。结构方程结果表明,施氮量负向调控脂肪含量,间接影响大豆产量;并负向调控根瘤数量,间接影响籽粒异黄酮含量。V2期施用氮肥更有利于高油大豆固氮和籽粒产量的提升,而R1期施用氮肥更有利于籽粒脂肪含量的增加;此外施氮量需要控制在5 mg N/kg土为宜。A reasonable nitrogen(N)application method could improve nodulation and N_(2) fixation,and re-duce agricultural pollution and improve production efficiency under the premise of high yield and quality of soy-beans.The effects of different N application rate and time on biomass,N_(2) fixation,ureide,yield,fat and isoflavone content of soybean,and the relationships among them were studied in present study,then to provide a theoretical and scientific basis for high-yield and high-quality soybean in this area.A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of N application rates with 0(CK),5 mg N/kg soil(LN)and 100 mg N/kg soil(HN)at V2(two trifolio-lates)or R1(beginning bloom)stages on growth,nitrogenase activity and ureide content at R2(full bloom)and R5(beginning seed)stages.The yield,fat and isoflavone of soybean seeds were determined at R8(full maturity)as well.The N application rate and time had significant effects on nodulation and nitrogenase activity of soybean.With increasing N application rate,the nodule dry weight and number were decreased.Compared with the CK treatment,the nodule number and dry weight decreased by 69.6%and 88.4%under HN with R1 treatment at the R2 stage,re-spectively.In contrast,the highest nitrogenase activity and ureide content were observed under LN treatment.Com pared to the CK treatment,the nitrogenase activity under LN with V2 treatment increased by 28.5%and 18.2%at the R2 and R5 stage.Soybean grain yield and fat content were the highest in LN treatment,while isoflavone content was the highest in CK treatment;The grain fat content of LN treatment increased by 1.7%-2.0%compared with CK treatment,and the isoflavone content of HN treatment decreased by 5.2%-11.2%compared with CK treatment.The structural equation model indicated that N application negatively regulated fat content and indirectly affected soy-bean yield;Negatively regulate the number of nodules and indirectly affect the content of isoflavones in soybean.In general,the N application at V2 stage was more beneficial to s

关 键 词：氮肥 根瘤 固氮酶活性 产量 脂肪 异黄酮 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]