一种快速检测和定量土壤中尖孢镰刀菌的选择性培养基  

A selective medium for rapid detection and quantification of Fusarium oxysporum in soil

作　　者：王泽华 王梓 方香玲 WANG Zehua;WANG Zi;FANG Xiangling(State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems/Center for Grassland Microbiome/College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]草种创新与草地农业生态系统全国重点实验室/兰州大学草地微生物中心/兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《草业科学》2023年第8期2014-2019,共6页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：青海省科技厅基础研究计划创新团队项目(2021-ZJ-901);国家自然科学基金项目(32171678);国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1300802)。

摘　　要：尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)是一种土传病原真菌,该菌能够在土壤中长期存活,从根部入侵苜蓿(Medicago sativa)导致病害发生,严重影响苜蓿的产量和品质。为了从土壤中特异性分离尖孢镰刀菌,本文研制出一种高效分离检测该菌的选择性培养基,该培养基能够从发病植株根围土中选择性分离尖孢镰刀菌菌株。经形态学以及ITS和TEF双位点基因序列分析鉴定,分离得到的菌株为尖孢镰刀菌,且不同孢子浓度的带菌土壤中,该菌平均分离率达到79.3%。尖孢镰刀菌在该培养基上生长初期菌落呈白色圆形且菌丝质密;后期菌丝呈松散绒毛状,菌丝较短,菌落边缘有锯齿状缺口,菌落中心呈淡黄色。本研究的选择性培养基能够从土壤中高效分离尖孢镰刀菌并进行定量,为研究土传病害的发生规律和监测预警提供了基础。Fusarium oxysporum is a soil-borne fungal pathogen that can survive in the soil for a long time,and penetrates alfalfa(Medicago sativa)through roots to cause disease,seriously affecting the yield and quality of alfalfa.This study developed a selective medium that can fast and efficiently isolate this pathogen in order to specifically isolate F.oxysporum in soil,and this medium can isolate this pathogen in the bulk soil of diseased plants.The isolated strains were identified as F.oxysporum based on morphology as well as ITS and TEF double-loci sequences,and the mean isolation rate of this pathogen reached 79.3%in soils with different spore concentration of this pathogen.The colonies of F.oxysporum were white and round with dense mycelia at the early stage of growth on this medium;at the later stage,the mycelia were loose and fluffy,with jagged notches on the edge of the colony and light yellow in the center of the colony.The selective isolation medium in this study can quickly and efficiently detect and quantify F.oxysporum in soil,which provides a basis for studying the occurrence as well monitoring and early warning of soil-borne diseases in alfalfa.

关 键 词：尖孢镰刀菌 土传病原真菌 苜蓿 选择性培养基 检测和定量 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]