6种苔草属植物叶片的力学特性及微观结构  

Microstructure and tensile properties of leaves of six Carex species

作　　者：韩戴宇 李英博 鞠志新 HAN Daiyu;LI Yingbo;JU Zhixin(College of Horticulture,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,Jilin,China;College of Agriculture,Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology College,Jilin 132000,Jilin,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学园艺学院,吉林长春130118 [2]吉林农业科技学院农学院,吉林吉林132000

出　　处：《草业科学》2023年第8期2082-2090,共9页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：吉林省科技计划项目“长白山区乌拉草种质资源评价及栽培技术研究(20190301054N Y)”。

摘　　要：苔草(Carex spp.)叶片是一种优质天然纤维。研究苔草叶片力学特性与微观结构,为苔草及其叶片的开发利用提供理论依据。本研究以6种苔草叶片为研究对象,使用电子拉力试验机测试力学特性,采用石蜡切片法观测微观结构,分析力学特性与微观结构之间的关系。结果表明:最大抗拉力和弹性模量均表现为麻根苔草(C.arnellii)>尖嘴苔草(C.leiorhyncha)>大披针苔草(C.lanceolata)>乌拉草(C.meyeriana)>低矮苔草(C.humilis)>矮丛苔草(C.callitrichos var.nana),抗拉强度表现为低矮苔草>矮丛苔草>尖嘴苔草>麻根苔草>乌拉草>大披针苔草;6种苔草植物叶片均为等面叶,由表皮、基本薄壁组织、厚壁组织、维管束等组成;最大抗拉力和弹性模量与叶片的维管束数目、厚壁细胞组织的厚度和层数极显著正相关(P<0.01);抗拉强度与叶片的维管束密度极显著正相关(P<0.01)。研究结果表明,维管束数量和厚壁机械组织发达程度是决定苔草叶片最大抗拉力和弹性模量的重要因素;维管束密度是决定苔草叶片抗拉强度的重要因素。其中麻根苔草和尖嘴苔草抵抗变形能力最强,低矮苔草和矮丛苔草抵抗破坏断裂的能力最强。在未来对苔草属植物的研究中还应进一步结合其他相关形态和生理生化指标进行综合研究,为苔草属园林植物的筛选及适应性研究奠定基础。Carex leaves provide high-quality natural fiber.Studying the tensile properties and microstructure of Carex leaves can provide a theoretical basis for understanding the development and use of Carex leaves.In this study,the leaves of six species of Carex were taken as the object,their mechanical properties were tested with an electronic tensile testing machine,the microstructure was observed via the paraffin section method,and the relationship between mechanical properties and microstructure was analyzed.The maximum tension and elastic modulus were found in the decreasing order of C.arnellii>C.leiorhyncha>C.lanceolata>C.meyeriana>C.humilis>C.callitrichos var.nana;the tensile strength was in the decreasing order of C.humilis>C.callitrichos var.nana>C.leiorhyncha>C.arnellii>C.meyeriana>C.lanceolate.All the six species of Carex had isolateral leaves,and the leaves were composed of epidermis,basic parenchyma,sclerenchyma,and vascular bundles.The maximum tension and elastic modulus were positively correlated with the number of vascular bundles,thickness,and layers of the sclerenchyma cells(P<0.01).A significant positive correlation was found between the tensile strength and vascular bundle density of leaves(P<0.01).In conclusion,the number of vascular bundles and the degree of thick-walled mechanical structure are important factors determining the maximum tensile strength and elastic modulus of the leaves of six Carex spp.vascular bundle density is an important factor determining the tensile strength of the leaves of six Carex spp.The tensile strength of C.humilis was the highest,and the deformation resistance of C.arnellii was the strongest.In future studies of Carex spp.,these findings should be further integrated with other related morphological,physiological,and biochemical indicators to lay a foundation for future screening and adaptability research on Carex plants.

关 键 词：苔草属植物 力学性能 抗拉强度 弹性模量 显微结构 石蜡切片 维管束 

分 类 号：S543.9[农业科学—作物学]