轨道车辆分级压溃式结构吸能装置设计研究  

Design and Research on Energy Absorption Device of Graded Crushing Structure of Rail Vehicle

作　　者：杜鹏成 李思 张硕韶 DU Peng-cheng;LI Si;ZHANG Shuo-shao(China Railway Beijing Group Co.,Ltd,Beijing 100860,China;CRRC Tangshan Co.,Ltd,Tangshan 064000,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁路北京局集团有限公司,北京100860 [2]中车唐山机车车辆有限公司,河北唐山064000

出　　处：《机械研究与应用》2023年第4期137-144,共8页Mechanical Research & Application

摘　　要：轨道车辆的被动安全技术作为保障列车安全运行的最终屏障越来越受到人们的重视。该文针对车辆吸能装置结构复杂、生产成本高等问题,提出一种两级压溃式结构吸能单元梁设计方案。该方案通过有限元分析与碰撞试验相结合的方式开展不同吸能单元梁壁厚对吸能性能的影响研究,并基于仿真计算结果对吸能部件进行动态冲击试验。结果表明,该吸能装置平均吸能量十分接近,能有效实现充分吸能过程中的可控有序的塑性变形,且结构屈服后平均力值未超过车体静态纵向承载值。该方案在满足车辆设计要求的同时降低结构复杂程度,在产品降本增效方面具有明显的应用优势。The passive safety technology in rail vehicles is gaining more and more attention as the ultimate barrier to ensure the safe operation of trains.Aiming at the problems of complex structure and high production cost of vehicle energy absorbing device,a two-stage crushing structure energy absorbing unit beam design scheme is proposed,and the influence of wall thickness of different energy absorbing element beams on energy absorption performance is studied by combining the finite element analysis and crash test.Then the dynamic impact test is carried out on the energy absorbing parts based on the simulation calculation results.The results show that the average energy absorption of the energy absorption device is very close,which can effectively realize the controllable and orderly plastic deformation in the process of full energy absorption,and the average force value after the structure yields does not exceed the static longitudinal bearing value of the vehicle body,which has obvious application advantages in meeting the vehicle design requirements while reducing the complexity of the structure and realizing the cost reduction and efficiency increase of the product.

关 键 词：压溃式 吸能单元梁 吸能结构 碰撞性能 

分 类 号：V270.3[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]