论《民法典》夫妻间损害赔偿之体系构造  

On the Interpretation of the System of Damages Rules Between Couples in the Civil Code of PRC

作　　者：李杰[1] LI Jie(Law School of Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan,Hubei 430073,China)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学法学院,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《时代法学》2023年第3期82-98,共17页Presentday Law Science

摘　　要：对于《民法典》第1091条规定的离婚损害赔偿规则,解释学上向来存在着离因损害赔偿和离异损害赔偿之争。学界理论和比较法上的做法倾向于采离异说,而司法实务立场实则更青睐离因说。基于家庭法的封闭性与个人利益的全面保护考量,应兼采二者。受害人基于婚姻关系所生之期待利益原则上可获救济,但应通过类型化,明确其限度,谨慎适用。基于婚姻关系所生之信赖利益可作为期待利益之替补,从而例外地具备可赔偿性。对于配偶权之保护,应由家庭法之封闭体系予以规范。由此,仅当对方存在严重侵权行为之时,受害人才能对主观上存在重大过失的配偶主张精神损害赔偿。对于其他固有权利和利益的保护,则不可避免地要受到一般侵权责任规则的影响。具体表现为,在构成要件上,权益侵害人主观上需存在重大过失,但受害人的主观状态不受无过失之限制;在权利行使上,该损害赔偿责任于婚内不得主张,于离婚后则皆可主张,原告在离婚诉讼之后亦可单独主张,诉讼时效原则上自离婚后开始计算。For Article 1091 of the Civil Code of PRC,there are always debates between divorce damages and compensation for damages which result in divorce ultimately.The academicians and study of comparative law tend to agree the former,while our judges actually prefers the latter.Based on the closed nature of family law and the comprehensive protection of individual interests,both of them should be adopted.The expectation interest arising from the marriage relationship can be remedied in principle,but it should be applied with caution through typing analysis.Reliance interest is exceptionally compensable as a substitute for expectation interest.The protection of spousal right should be regulated in the closed system of family law,therefore,the victim can claim moral damages only when there is a serious infringement by the other party who has gross negligence.For the protection of other inherent rights and interests,they are inevitably affected by the general tort liability rules.Thus,it requires gross negligence on the part of the infringer,however,the subjective state of the victim is not limited by the non-fault.Also,this right cannot be claimed during marriage.Rather,it can be claimed after divorce,and the plaintiff can also claim it separately after the divorce proceedings.In addition,the statute of limitations in principle begins to run after the divorce.

关 键 词：离婚损害赔偿 婚内侵权 个人主义 家庭主义 家庭法的债法渊源 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]