数字时代著作权合理使用制度的检视与重构——基于技术中立的理论分析  

Inspection and Reconstruction of Copyright Reasonable Use System in the Digital Age:Theoretical Analysis Based on Technology Neutrality

作　　者：高莉[1] Gao Li

机构地区：[1]中共江苏省委党校

出　　处：《苏州大学学报（法学版）》2023年第3期41-52,共12页Journal of Soochow University：Law Edition

基　　金：全国党校(行政学院)系统重点调研课题“数字经济背景下科技创新模式与制度优化研究”(项目编号:2022DXXTZDDYKT031);江苏省社会科学基金项目“促进江苏数字经济创新发展的法治协同机制研究”(项目编号:22FXB005)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：由于数字技术的迭代加速,技术与法律之间的冲突和博弈随之加剧。著作权合理使用制度作为著作权保护与作品传播使用之间的“杠杆”,应当保持对技术的“冷漠”,以应对新技术带来的不确定性影响。进入数字时代,“规则主义”与“因素主义”模式都将面临新的挑战,这引发了对现行著作权合理使用制度的反思。从合理使用制度出发,技术中立包含两层含义:在立法技术上,将技术移植或嫁接到法律之中,让技术治理成为规制法的一种软法工具,这是应对数字技术快速变革的可行方法;在法律适用上,无论是著作权保护还是权利限制,都应致力于使其在不同的技术环境下具有确定性、可预见性及适应性。此外,技术中立还蕴含了人本主义、表达自由、公平秩序等价值理性。借由技术中立理论指引,重构合理使用制度,建议确立容忍性规制的基本原则,构建技术中立的规范体系,完善“市场+功能”的审判标准。As the iteration of digital technology accelerates,the conflict and game between technology and law intensifies.As the“lever”between copyright protection and the dissemination and use of works,the reasonable use system of copyright should maintain“indifference”to technology in order to deal with the uncertain impact brought by new technology.In the digital age,both the“rules-based”and“factor-based”models will face new challenges,which has led to reflection on the current copyright reasonable use system.Starting from the reasonable use system,technology neutrality has two meanings:in terms of legislative technology,transplanting or grafting technology into the law,and making technology governance a soft law tool for regulatory law,which is a feasible way to cope with the rapid change of digital technology;In the application of law,whether it is copyright protection or restriction of rights,we should strive to make it certain,predictable and adaptable in different technical environments.In addition,technological neutrality also contains humanism,freedom of expression,fair order and other value rationalities.Guided by the theory of technological neutrality,the rational use system is reconstructed,and it is recommended to establish the basic principles of tolerance regulation,build a technology-neutral normative system,and improve the adjudication standard of“market+function”.

关 键 词：著作权 合理使用 技术中立 数字时代 

分 类 号：D923.41[政治法律—民商法学]