美国油气行业回注井监管及对我国的借鉴  

Regime of Law and Management of the United States on Reinjection Wells in Oil and Gas Industry and the Enlightenments to China

作　　者：齐莎莎 李玉霞 王晓萌[2] 孔令娜 韩建波[2] 吴亮 Qi Shasha;Li Yuxia;Wang Xiaomeng;Kong Lingna;Han Jianbo;Wu Liang(CNOOC Research Insittute Co.,Ltd.;National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center;CNOOC EnerTech-Beijing Safety and Environmental Protection Engineering Technology Research Institute;China Offshore Environmental Service Ltd.)

机构地区：[1]中海油研究总院有限责任公司 [2]国家海洋环境监测中心 [3]中海油能源发展股份有限公司北京安全环保工程技术研究院 [4]中海石油环保服务(天津)有限公司

出　　处：《油气田环境保护》2023年第4期52-57,共6页Environmental Protection of Oil & Gas Fields

摘　　要：回注是我国海上油田生产水处置的常用措施,减少了海洋环境的污染,但也面临着监管体系不完善、监管制度不清晰等问题,进一步完善海上油田生产水回注监管体系、明确监管制度对环境污染防治具有重要意义。通过系统梳理我国与美国生产水回注监管体系,分析对比二者的差异,表明:美国建立了相对完备的回注监管体系,并明确了油气行业回注井的事前、事中和事后监管制度;我国海上油田生产水回注在法律法规、技术要求和监管体系较美国存在一些不足;针对我国海上油田生产水回注法律法规、技术要求和监管制度等方面存在的问题,从完善相关的法律法规和技术标准体系,进一步对海上油田生产水回注的环评、许可、报告、监测、审查一系列监管制度等方面提出了建议,以期为我国海上油田生产水回注的事前、事中和事后监管工作提供参考。Reinjection is a common measure for the disposal of producted water in offshore oil fields in China,which reduces the pollution of the marine environment.However,it also faces problems such as imperfect regulatory system and unclear management regime.It is of great significance to further improve the regulatory system of produced water reinjection in offshore oil fields and clarify the management regime for the prevention and control of environmental pollution.By systematically combing the reinjection regulatory system between China and the United States,the differences between them were analyzed and compared.The results showed that the United States has established a relatively complete reinjection regulatory system,and defined the pre-injection,in-process,post-injection supervision systems of injection wells in oil and gas industry.There were some deficiencies in the laws and regulations,technical standard and regulatory system of the produced water reinjection in offshore oil fields in China.Based on the existing problems in China,several suggestions were further proposed to improve the relevant laws and regulations and technical standard system,further clarify a series of management regime such as environmental impact assessment,licensing,reporting,monitoring and review of the produced water reinjection in offshore oil fields,so as to provide reference for pre-injection,in-process,post-injection supervision systems of the produced water reinjection in offshore oil fields in China.

关 键 词：油气行业回注井 生产水 监管制度 污染防治 

分 类 号：X741[环境科学与工程—环境工程]