株行距对宁夏干旱区苜蓿种子产量及构成因素的影响  

Effects of Planting Spacing and Row Spacing on Seed Yield and Relevant Factors of Alfalfa(Medicago sativa)in Arid Areas of Ningxia

作　　者：王琴 李小云 黄淑迪 王志远 王通锐 高雪芹[1,2] 伏兵哲 WANG Qin;LI Xiaoyun;HUANG Shudi;WANG Zhiyuan;WANG Tongrui;GAO Xueqin;FU Bingzhe(College of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Ningxia Grass and Animal Husbandry Engineering Technology Research Center,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏草牧业工程技术研究中心,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2023年第8期31-40,共10页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：宁夏干旱半干旱区牧草种子生产关键技术与模式集成创新项目(2021BBF02003);宁夏回族自治区农业育种专项(2019NYYZ0403)共同资助。

摘　　要：为了研究株距和行距对宁夏干旱区苜蓿种子产量及构成因素的影响,以苜蓿品种“甘农4号”(Medicago sativa cv.Gannong No.4)作为试验材料,于2017~2020年连续4年采用再裂区试验设计,主区为行距(60、80和100 cm),裂区为株距(15、25和35 cm),再裂区为生长年份(2017、2018、2019和2020年),运用PCA主成分分析进行综合评价,确定苜蓿最优的株行距配比。结果表明,随着株距和行距的增加,苜蓿单株种子产量呈增加趋势。行距对每花序小花数、单株花序数、每荚种子数、单株种子产量以及单位面积种子产量均有极显著影响(P<0.01);株距对单株花序数、生殖枝数和每荚种子数以及单株和单位面积种子产量均有极显著影响(P<0.01);生长年份对产量构成因素及种子产量均有极显著影响;行距和株距相互作用对种子产量及其构成因素有显著或极显著作用;经通径分析得出,影响种子产量的主要因素是每花序结荚数、单株花序数和千粒重以及每荚种子数。回归最优模型得出,行距为100 cm,株距为35 cm时,单株种子产量最高,为27.910 kg/hm^(2),株距为15 cm,行距为100 cm时,单位面积种子产量最高,为1545.088 kg/hm^(2)。因此,宁夏干旱区进行苜蓿种子生产时,株距15 cm,行距为100 cm为最佳配比。This study aimed to investigate the effects of plant spacing and row spacing on seed yield and relevant factors of alfalfa(Medicago sativa cv.Gannong No.4)in arid areas of Ningxia.The experiment was carried out for four years from 2017 to 2020,employing in a split-split plot design.The main plot consisted of row spacing(60 cm,80 cm and 100 cm),with plant spacing(15 cm,25 cm,and 35 cm)as the split plot,and the growth year(2017,2018,2019,and 2020)as the split-split plot.The obtained results were subsequently evaluated using principal component analysis(PCA).The results showed that with the increase of plant spacing and row spacing,the seed yield per plant of alfalfa increased.Row spacing had a significant effect on number of small flowers per inflorescence,inflorescence number per plant,seeds per pod,seed yield per plant,and seed yield per unit area(P<0.01).Likewise,plant spacing also had significant effects on inflorescence number per plant,reproductive branch number,and seed yield per unit area and seed number per plant(P<0.01).Furthermore,the growth year and the interaction of row spacing and plant spacing demonstrated significant effects on seed yield and relevant factors.Path analysis revealed that the primary factors affecting seed yield were number of pods per inflorescence,inflorescence number per plant,thousand-grain weight,and seed number per clip.Based on the optimal regression model,the highest seed yield per plant(27.910 kg/hm^(2))was achieved with a row spacing of 100 cm and a plant spacing of 35 cm.Additionally,the highest seed yield per unit area(1545.088 kg/hm^(2))was attained with a row spacing of 15 cm and a plant spacing of 100 cm.Therefore,for alfalfa seed production in arid areas of Ningxia,the optimal proportion appears to be a plant spacing of 15 cm and a row spacing of 100 cm.

关 键 词：紫花苜蓿 宁夏干旱区 种子产量 构成因素 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S541.9[农业科学—作物学]