两种池塘养殖模式下异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)养成品质及脏器相关生理特征的差异  

DIFFERENCES OF QUALITY AND VISCERAL-RELATED PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CARASSIUS AURATUS GIBELIO IN TWO POND AQUACULTURE MODES

作　　者：李有志 戎华南 陈雨[1] 申屠基康 王志铮 LI You-Zhi;RONG Hua-Nan;CHEN Yu;SHENTU Ji-Kang;WANG Zhi-Zheng(Fisheries College,Zhejiang Ocean University,Zhoushan 316022,China;Cixi Fisheries Technology Extension Center,Cixi 315300,China;Ningbo Ocean and Fisheries Research Institute,Ningbo 315048,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江海洋大学水产学院,浙江舟山316022 [2]慈溪市水产技术推广中心,浙江慈溪315300 [3]宁波市海洋与渔业研究院,浙江宁波315048

出　　处：《海洋与湖沼》2023年第4期1217-1226,共10页Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica

基　　金：国家星火计划项目,2013GA701022号;中央财政重大农业技术推广项目,YY2017003号;慈溪市农业科技重点项目,CN201901号;宁波市重大科技任务攻关项目,2022Z183号。

摘　　要：水产养殖动物的生存策略往往会因养殖模式的变更而发生改变,并导致其养成品体色、肌肉品质和脏器生理特征等均出现一定程度的差异。以池塘生态主养模式(M_(1))和池塘生态套养模式(M2)下养殖7个月的异育银鲫夏花苗种为研究对象,以体表色差、背肌物性、全鱼营养成分和排氨率、耗氧率、窒息点以及脏器消化酶和抗氧化酶活力为测定指标,较系统开展了两者间养成品质及脏器相关生理特征的差异研究。结果表明:(1)两者间在体表色差上具较好的区分度,其中M2实验个体的体色更接近于池底背景色,具更好的拟境隐蔽性;(2)在所测7项背肌物性指标中,两者间具有显著差异的为硬度、弹性、胶黏性和耐咀性,且均呈M_(1)>M_(2)(P<0.05);(3)全鱼一般营养成分中,除灰分和粗蛋白含量均呈M_(1)≈M_(2)(P>0.05)外,水分和粗脂肪含量分别呈M_(1)>M2(P<0.05)和M2>M_(1)(P<0.05);(4)在所测17种氨基酸中,在含量上具显著差异的仅为组氨酸,呈M_(1)>M2(P<0.05),在各类氨基酸含量上具显著差异的仅为∑SEAA、∑NEAA和∑FAA,且均呈M_(1)>M2(P<0.05);(5)共检到4种饱和脂肪酸、5种单不饱和脂肪酸和10种多不饱和脂肪酸,其中ΣSFA和ΣMUFA均呈M_(1)M2(P<0.05),而ΣPUFA则呈M_(1)>M_(2)(P<0.05);(6)M_(1)、M2实验个体在夜均、昼均、日均耗氧率和排氨率上均无组间差异(P>0.05),昼夜耗氧节律也均呈昼均>日均>夜均(P<0.05),两者的窒息点水中氧含量呈M_(1)>M2(P<0.05),昼夜排氨节律分别呈昼均≈夜均≈日均(P>0.05)和昼均>日均>夜均(P<0.05)(7)胃蛋白酶和肝脂肪酶活力均呈M_(1)≈M2(P>0.05),肠淀粉酶活力则呈M_(1)<M_(2)(P<0.05),除肝脏CAT、POD呈M_(1)<M_(2)(P<0.05)外,组间心、鳃抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT)以及肝脏SOD酶活力均呈M_(1)≈M_(2)(P>0.05)。研究结果可为我国异育银鲫养成品质鉴定系统的构建以及生态高值养成技术研究与开发提供基础资料。The Carassius auratus gibelio larvae were cultured in common-culture pond mode(M_(1))and the poly-culture pond mode(M_(2))for 7 months.The body surface color difference,back muscle physical properties,nutrient composition and ammonia excretion rate of whole fish,oxygen consumption rate,asphyxia point,and the activities of digestive enzymes and antioxidant enzymes in organs were measured.In order to systematically study the differences in cultivation quality and visceral-related physiological characteristics between the two groups.The results showed that:(1)there was a good discrimination degree in the body surface color difference between the two groups.Among them,the body color of M_(2) experiment was closer to the background color at the bottom of the pond,which had better simulated environment camouflage;(2)Among the seven physical properties of the back muscles measured,the hardness,elasticity,adhesiveness and chew ability showed significant differences between the two groups(M_(1)>M_(2))(P<0.05);(3)In the general nutritional composition of whole fish,the contents of ash and crude protein were M_(1)≈M_(2)(P>0.05),while the contents of water and crude fat were M_(1)>M_(2)(P<0.05)and M_(2)>M_(1)(P<0.05),respectively;(4)Among the 17 amino acids tested,only histidine showed significant difference in content,showing M_(1)>M_(2)(P<0.05),onlyΣSEAA,ΣNEAA andΣFAA had significant differences in the contents of various amino acids,and they were M_(1)>M_(2)(P<0.05);(5)A total of four saturated fatty acids,five monounsaturated fatty acids and ten polyunsaturated fatty acids were detected,among whichΣMUFA andΣSFA showed M_(1)<M_(2)(P<0.05),whileΣPUFA showed M_(1)>M_(2)(P<0.05);(6)There were no significant differences in the average oxygen consumption rate and ammonia excretion rate between M_(1) and M_(2) groups during the day-time,night-time and whole day(P>0.05),the circadian rhythm of oxygen consumption also showed a day-time>whole day>night-time mean(P<0.05),the oxygen content in water at the point of asphyxia

关 键 词：养殖模式 异育银鲫 体表色差 背肌质构 营养成分组成 生理特征 

分 类 号：Q953[生物学—动物学] S96[农业科学—水产养殖]