撬动对话与秩序生产:草根NGO何以提升环境风险沟通效能——以“垃圾焚烧风险沟通”为视窗  

Pivoting Dialogue and Order Production:How Chinese Grassroots NGOs Improve the Effectiveness of Environmental Risk Communication——Take"Waste Incineration Risk Communication"as an Example

作　　者：谭爽[1] 韩菲 武佳奇 Tan Shuang;Han Fei;Wu Jiaqi(School of Law and Humanities,China University of Mining&Technology,Beijing,100083,China;School of Government,Peking University,Beijing,100871,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)文法学院,北京100083 [2]北京大学政府管理学院,北京100871

出　　处：《公共管理学报》2023年第3期76-89,170,共15页Journal of Public Management

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2023SKPYWF03);北京市社科基金(22GLB015)。

摘　　要：进行“多向-交互式”沟通是防范和化解环境风险的关键环节。在中国治理场景中,草根NGO能否以及如何促进沟通效能提升?本研究以垃圾焚烧风险沟通为视窗,基于对六家草根NGO的长期追踪,通过探索性案例研究法揭示了其提升环境风险沟通效能的“环式理论逻辑”,即:认知引导机制、政策保障机制、能力支撑机制及反馈激励机制促使NGO选择“撬动对话”这一沟通策略,通过平衡主体、激发意愿、优化内容、拓展空间四个维度的努力推动利益相关方坦诚对话,进而生产出情感、组织、言说、合作四类秩序。秩序的稳定运转将促使风险沟通效能在信息展示、意见交换、弥合分歧、推进合作等四个层次获得提升,并反哺于策略塑成机制。在此基础上,基于情境拓展进一步凝练四个理论命题,实现对逻辑框架的深度解读。本研究一方面推动了“对话理论”的本土化和操作化,丰富风险沟通理论体系;另一方面有助于深刻理解风险场景中草根NGO的角色及政社关系,为构建环境风险治理共同体奠定基础。Multi-directional and interactive communication is a key component of environmental risk prevention and mitigation.Can grassroots NGOs contribute to the effectiveness of communication in Chinese governance area and how to contribute?It is the focus of this paper.It takes waste incineration risk controversies as a window of observation.Based on long-term tracking of 6 grassroots NGOs,the exploratory case study reveals the"Circular Theoretical Logic"for improving the effectiveness of environmental risk communication.Cognitive guidance mechanism,policy guarantee mechanism,capacity support mechanism,and incentive feedback mechanism lead NGOs to choose"pivoting dialogue",by balancing actors,stimulating willingness,optimizing content,and expanding space.NGOs promote frank dialogues among stakeholders and produce in 4 types of orders:Emotional order,organizational order,verbal order,and cooperative order.The stable operation of the order will promote the effectiveness of risk communication in 4 levels,including information display,opinion exchange,bridging differences,and promoting cooperation,then feed back to the shaping mechanism.On the one hand,this study promotes the localization and operationalization of"dialogue theory"and enriches the theoretical system of risk communication.On the other hand,it helps to deeply understand the role and action space of grassroots NGOs in risk scenarios and lay the foundation for building an environmental risk governance community.

关 键 词：环境风险沟通 草根NGO 公共对话 治理秩序 垃圾焚烧 

分 类 号：D035[政治法律—政治学]