短碳纤维增强仿生材料设计及其力学性能  

Design and Mechanical Properties of Short Carbon Fiber Reinforced Biomimetic Materials

作　　者：杨正青 栾云博 张巨旗 闻贞 王维 李明臻 李永存 YANG Zhengqing;LUAN Yunbo;ZHANG Juqi;WEN Zhen;WANG Wei;LI Mingzhen;LI Yongcun(College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,Shanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学机械与运载工程学院,山西太原030024

出　　处：《高压物理学报》2023年第4期53-61,共9页Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(12041201);山西省基础研究计划项目(202203021211126,202203021211122)。

摘　　要：在自然进化中,众多生物材料因其内部多级结构的精巧配合表现出卓越的力学性能。碳纤维作为一种性能优异的人工材料,为仿生材料设计与制备提供了重要的原材料支撑。以短碳纤维和聚氨酯为原料,发展了一种针管挤制和蒸发固化方法,制备出具有特定纤维取向的短碳纤维增强聚氨酯复合材料薄膜,利用叠层固化成型方法,制备出具有不同层间夹角的仿螳螂虾螺旋叠层结构材料。在此基础上,通过拉伸性能测试及拉伸过程中材料内部微观形貌表征,对该仿生材料的力学增强机理进行研究。结果表明:短碳纤维在薄膜材料中具有良好的取向一致性,当纤维取向角为45°时,单层薄膜的拉伸强度最高;在螺旋叠层结构中,当层间夹角为30°时,仿生材料的拉伸强度最高,这主要是由材料内部纤维端部引起的损伤破坏以及界面脱粘引起的失效破坏所调控。研究结果对于设计和制备高性能短纤维增强复合材料、实现其性能优化具有指导意义。In natural evolution,numerous biomaterials exhibit astonishing mechanical properties due to the exquisite coordination of their internal structures at all levels.Carbon fiber,as an excellent artificial material,provides an important raw material support for the design of biomimetic materials.This study uses short carbon fibers and polyurethane as raw materials,combined with a syringe extrusion and thermal evaporation methods to prepare short carbon fiber reinforced polyurethane composite film with specific fiber orientation.Then,a spiral layered structure material resembling mantis shrimp with different interlayer angles was prepared using laminated assembly method.In addition,the mechanical strengthening mechanism of the material was studied by observing its morphology characteristics before and after stretching and measuring its tensile strength.The results show that short carbon fibers have good orientation consistency in thin film materials.When the fiber orientation angle is 45°,the tensile strength of the thin film material is the highest;when the interlayer angle is 30°,the tensile strength of short carbon fiber reinforced polyurethane biomimetic spiral structure material is the highest.The results of this study are of guiding significance for the design and preparation of high-performance short fiber reinforced composite materials,and for achieving their performance biomimetic optimization.

关 键 词：短碳纤维 仿生设计 力学性能 微观表征 

分 类 号：O347.3[理学—固体力学]