美国页岩油气发展现状、成本效益危机及解决方案  

The development status,cost-effectiveness crisis and solution of shale oil and gas in the United States

作　　者：赵群[1,2] 赵萌 赵素平[1,2] 孙钦平[1,2] 刘德勋 姜馨淳[1,2] 史建勋 ZHAO Qun;ZHAO Meng;ZHAO Suping;SUN Qinping;LIU Dexun;JIANG Xinchun;SHI Jianxun(PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development,Beijing 100083,China;National Energy Shale Gas R&D(Experiment)Center,Hebei Langfang 065007,China;PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field Branch,Chengdu 610051,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083 [2]国家能源页岩气研发(实验)中心,河北廊坊065007 [3]中国石油西南油气田分公司,成都610051

出　　处：《非常规油气》2023年第5期1-7,共7页Unconventional Oil & Gas

基　　金：中国石油前瞻性基础性技术攻关项目“页岩气开发区地质活动性评价技术研究”(2022DJ80)。

摘　　要：为了充分借鉴美国“页岩油气革命”的成功经验,分析了2019—2021年全球低油气价格整体偏低的情况下,美国页岩油气行业的发展现状及存在问题。主要表现为:页岩油气企业面临长期负现金流的利润危机,以页岩气为例,大量企业宣称的低于0.74美元/m^(3)(1美元≈7元人民币)的成本,与行业平均0.99美元/m^(3)的实际成本相差甚远;过度夸大的低成本引发行业投资判断失误,2021年累计债务高达1800亿美元,大量企业面临破产危机。《美国破产法》第11章破产重整对页岩油气公司破产后的保护,疫情期间美国政府对企业的税收减免扶持,以及企业自身的有效运营管理等为页岩油气行业成本效益危机提供了有效解决方案,使页岩油气行业在2022年高油气价格下产量快速恢复。该研究成果为我国页岩气产业的发展提供了经验。In order to learn from the successful experience of the shale oil and gas revolution in the US,this paper analyzes the situation of low oil and gas prices in the global period from 2019 to 2021,the development status and existing problems of shale oil and gas industry in the United States.The main performance is that shale oil and gas companies are facing a long-term negative cash flow profit crisis.For example,a large number of shale gas companies are claiming costs below$0.74/m^(3)(US$1≈￥7),that’s a far cry from the industry’s average cost of$0.99/m^(3),an overstated low cost that led to poor investment judgment and accumulated 2021 debt of$180 billion,a large number of enterprises are facing bankruptcy crisis.Chapter11 of the Bankruptcy in the United States provides effective solutions to the cost-effectiveness crisis in the shale oil and gas industry,including protection from bankruptcy,tax breaks for companies during the pandemic,and effective operational management of companies themselves,to enable the shale oil and gas industry in 2022 under high oil and gas prices a rapid recovery in production.The research results provide experience for the development of shale gas industry in our country.

关 键 词：美国 页岩气 页岩油 致密油 成本 破产 效益 页岩油气革命 

分 类 号：TE132.2[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]