桂林植物园鸟类-果实植物互惠网络研究  

Plant-Frugivore Network in Guilin Botanical Garden

作　　者：孙涛[1,2] 黄杨[1,2] 唐启明 汪国海 周岐海 SUN Tao;HUANG Yang;TANG Qiming;WANG Guohai;ZHOU Qihai(Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection(Guangxi Normal University),Ministry of Education,Guilin Guangxi 541006,China;Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology(Guangxi Normal University),Guilin Guangxi 541006,China;Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain(Guangxi Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences),Guilin Guangxi 541006,China;College of Chemistry and Bioengineering,Guangxi Normal University for Nationalities,Chongzuo Guangxi 532200,China)

机构地区：[1]珍稀濒危动植物生态和环境保护教育部重点实验室(广西师范大学),广西桂林541006 [2]广西珍稀濒危动物生态学重点实验室(广西师范大学),广西桂林541006 [3]广西喀斯特植物保育与恢复生态学重点实验室(中国科学院广西植物研究所),广西桂林541006 [4]广西民族师范学院化学与生物工程学院,广西崇左532200

出　　处：《广西师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第4期200-207,共8页Journal of Guangxi Normal University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32170492,32270504);广西自然科学基金(2019GXNSFDA245021,2023GXNSFAA026422);广西民族师范学院科研项目(2021BS002)。

摘　　要：采用样线法和焦点动物扫描法收集桂林植物园内鸟类对果实植物的取食行为数据,通过分析两者间的互惠网络关系,探讨鸟类对果实植物的利用规律及网络参数的季节性变化。结果显示:全年共记录到14种(2目7科)鸟类取食13种(8目11科)植物的果实,取食总频次为2174次。每种鸟类平均取食(6.57±1.20)种植物的果实,每种植物平均吸引(7.15±0.88)种鸟类取食其果实;网络的互惠连接度(C=0.51)、嵌套度(ωNODF=0.93)和互惠多样性(H_(2)=3.81)较高,而网络的特化性(H′_(2)=0.10)较低。鸟类取食最多的植物为乌蔹莓Cayratia japonica和香樟Cinnamomum camphora;取食植物种类最多的鸟类为黄臀鹎Pycnonotus xanthorrhous、栗背短脚鹎Hemixos castanonotus和绿翅短脚鹎Ixos mcclellandii,均取食13种植物果实。鸟类在秋季和冬季的取食频次占全年总取食频次的比例最大,分别为38.79%和33.15%。秋季鸟类与果实植物间的嵌套度(ωNODF=0.92)和互惠多样性指数(H_(2)=4.78)最大,冬季的连接度最大(C=0.53),而夏季中互惠网络的特化性(H′_(2)=0.27)最大。研究结果表明,城市绿地中的动植物关系存在季节上的复杂多变,网络分析可为研究栖息地变化中生态系统功能状态的变化提供重要信息。Transect and focal animal scanning method were used to collect the birds’feeding behavior on fruit plants in Guilin Botanical.The information of the interaction relationship between them were analyze to discuss the utilization rule of birds on fruit plants and the seasonal changes of network parameters.2174 interactions events were recorded between 14 bird species(2 orders and 7 families)and 13 plant species(8 orders and 11 families)throughout the year.Each plant species interacted with 7.15±0.88 birds,and each bird species interacted with 6.57±1.20 plant species.The interaction connectance(C=0.51),weighted nestedness(0.93)and interaction diversity(H_(2)=3.81)of the network were higher,while the specialization(H′_(2)=0.10)was lower.Cayratia japonica and Cinnamomum camphora were the most consumed by birds,while Pycnonotus xanthorrhus,Hemixos castanonotus and Ixos mcclellandii are the bird species that consumed most of the fruit plants,including the 13 plant species.The feeding frequency of birds in autumn(38.79%)and winter(33.15%)accounts for the largest proportion of the total annual feeding frequency.The weighted nestedness(ωNODF=0.92)and interaction diversity(H_(2)=4.78)between birds and fruit plants is the largest in autumn,the largest connectance(C=0.53)in winter,and the largest specialization(H′2=0.27)in summer.The results shows that the interaction relationship between animals and plants in urban green space can be complex and variable according to different seasons.The network analysis can provide important information for studying the changes of ecosystem function state in rapidly changing habitats.

关 键 词：互惠网络 食果鸟类 果实植物 季节性 

分 类 号：Q948.122.5[生物学—植物学]