德国在推进碳中和过程中的有益做法及启示  

Useful Practices and Insights from Germany in Promoting Carbon Neutrality

作　　者：王琳[1] 薛云 Wang Lin;Xue Yun(Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi'an Shaanxi 710072;Dalian University of Foreign Language,Dalian Liaoning 116044)

机构地区：[1]西北工业大学,陕西西安710072 [2]大连外国语大学,辽宁大连116044

出　　处：《中外能源》2023年第6期10-15,共6页Sino-Global Energy

基　　金：教育部协同育人项目“‘新文科’背景下国别与区域研究的跨语言大数据实验室平台建设”(编号:220602465264433);辽宁省教育厅基本科研项目(青年项目)“国际碳中和趋势下德国能源转型对辽宁省绿色经济发展的借鉴研究”(编号:LJKQR2021059);2022年西北工业大学教学改革项目“面向外语学科国别与区域研究的新文科人才培养模式探索与实践”(编号:2022JGY41)。

摘　　要：为了实现碳中和,德国政府于2019年出台《联邦气候保护法》,其中明确规定了德国社会中主要行业的年度排放量。为了实现减排目标,德国针对不同行业制定了有针对性的具体减排措施。能源行业,德国政府提出逐步取消燃煤发电、提高能源使用效能、对原煤炭地区提供经济支持和利用可再生能源等;建筑行业,对现有公寓进行环保翻修,打造“节能城市改造计划”,提高居民的环保意识;交通行业,鼓励市民火车出行,提升公共交通和自行车的吸引力,加大铁路基础设施的投入,着力数字化铁路的开发;工业领域,加大资金投入用以支持企业发展环保技术;农业领域,实现生物原料的可持续发展以保护环境,并推广有机农业等。此外,德国还致力于打造氢在燃料和能源转化中的核心作用。德国这些减排举措为我国未来实现“双碳”目标提供了参考,建议我国可以从压实重点行业责任、以立法的形式敦促减排目标的实现以及出台相应的评估机制等方面推进我国的碳达峰、碳中和。In order to achieve carbon neutrality,the German government introduced the Federal Climate Protection Act in 2019,which specifies the annual emissions of major industries in German society.To achieve the emission reduction target,Germany has developed specific and targeted emission reduction measures for different industries.For the energy industry,the German government proposed phasing out coal-fired power generation,improving energy efficiency,providing economic support to the former coal areas and utilizing renewable energy.For the construction industry,the environmental renovation of existing apartments is carried out to create an energy efficient urban renovation program to raise the residents′environmental awareness.For the transportation industry,citizens are encouraged to travel by train,the attractiveness of public transport and bicycle is enhanced,the investment in railway infrastructure is increased,and the development of digital railway is emphasized.For the industrial sector,the capital investment is increased to support enterprises to develop environmental protection technologies.In agriculture,the sustainable development of biomass is achieved to protect the environment,and organic agriculture is promoted.In addition,Germany is committed to creating the core role of hydrogen in fuel and energy conversion.These emission reduction measures in Germany provide a reference for China to achieve the double carbon goal in the future.It is suggested that China can promote its carbon peaking and carbon neutrality by consolidating the responsibilities of key industries,urging the achievement of emission reduction goals in the form of legislation and introducing corresponding evaluation mechanisms.

关 键 词：碳中和 气候保护法 行业减排 环保翻修 有机农业 压实行业责任 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]