工程酵母系统在生物燃料制备中的研究进展  

Research Progress of Engineering Yeast System in Biofuel Production

作　　者：刘登 Liu Deng(College of Energy and Materials Science,Shandong Polytechnic College,Jining Shandong 272067)

机构地区：[1]山东理工职业学院能源与材料工程学院,山东济宁272067

出　　处：《中外能源》2023年第6期32-37,共6页Sino-Global Energy

摘　　要：不同类型生物燃料制备的技术路线已打通,但生物燃料对底物需求的局限性和不太理想的产物产率等因素导致生产成本居高不下,如何以经济有效的方式生产现有的生物燃料或开发新的生物燃料品种成为关键问题。酿酒酵母以及多种不同类型的酵母引起了研究人员的关注。研究人员利用代谢工程学和合成生物学工具,在改善工程酵母细胞生产生物燃料的过程中取得了重大进展。代谢工程学和合成生物学的最新进展为有效设计和构建复杂的酵母系统提供了技术依据,重新设计的酵母代谢系统不仅能够利用更广谱的碳源,增强菌株对产物和抑制剂的耐受性,提高生物燃料产率,降低生物燃料生产成本,还能生产多种类型的生物燃料。但工程酵母系统在应用过程中依然存在技术性障碍,如异源基因的宿主相容性差、缺乏高效的细胞编辑工具、延伸底物转化率低、宿主对产物诱导的毒性耐受性差等。虽然目前工程酵母系统的生物燃料产量还无法达到工业化水平,但随着对酵母细胞代谢机理的深入研究,利用更加先进的分子生物学工具,不断攻克商业化过程中的技术障碍,生物燃料的潜力必将充分发挥。The technological route for the preparation of different types of biofuels has been opened up,but the production cost is high due to the limitation of substrate demand and the unsatisfactory product yield.How to produce the existing biofuels in an economical and effective way or develop new biofuel varieties has become a key problem.Saccharomyces cerevisiae and many different types of yeast have attracted the attention of researchers.Using metabolic engineering and synthetic biology tools,researchers have made significant progress in improving the process of producing biofuels using engineering yeast cells.Recent advances in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology provide technical basis for the efficient design and construction of complex yeast systems.The redesigned yeast metabolic systems can not only utilize a wider spectrum of car-bon sources,enhance the tolerance of strains to products and inhibitors,improve the biofuel yield and reduce the biofuel production cost,but also produce multiple types of biofuels.However,there are still technical obstacles in the application of engineering yeast system,such as the poor host compatibility of heterologous genes,the lack of efficient cell editing tools,the low conversion rate of extended substrates and the poor host tolerance to product-induced toxicity.Although the biofuel production of engineering yeast system is still unable to reach the industrial level,the potential of biofuel will be given full play with the further study on metabolism mechanism of yeast cells,the use of more advanced molecular biology tools and the continuous breakthroughs in technical obstacles in the commercialization process.

关 键 词：工程酵母 生物燃料 代谢工程学 合成生物学 底物碳源 耐受性 

分 类 号：TK6[动力工程及工程热物理—生物能]