耕地弃耕抛荒下的强制代耕合同制度研究  

Research on the Contract System of Compulsory Substitute Tillage under Cultivated Land Abandonment

作　　者：肖鹏[1] 贾心可 XIAO Peng;JIA Xinke(College of Humanities and Development Studies,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学人文与发展学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国土地科学》2023年第7期11-19,共9页China Land Science

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“农村集体所有制法律实现机制研究”(22&ZD202)。

摘　　要：研究目的:探究强制代耕的法律属性,并从合同订立和合同内容两个方面完善强制代耕合同的制度构建。研究方法:文献分析法和归纳演绎法。研究结果:(1)强制代耕属于土地经营权的强制流转,农村集体经济组织与土地承包经营权人应当签订书面合同。(2)强制代耕合同订立的民法依据是强制缔约义务。在土地承包经营权人连续弃耕抛荒两年以上的情形下,农村集体经济组织应当履行强制要约义务,土地承包经营权人负强制承诺义务。(3)强制代耕合同的典型合同类型是土地经营权流转合同。土地承包经营权人不能获得流转价款,土地承包经营权人继续耕种土地或者自愿流转土地经营权的,可以依法解除合同。研究结论:强制代耕合同订立的强制性及其双方当事人权利义务的明晰,使其成为解决耕地弃耕抛荒的有效途径。The purposes of this paper are to explore the legal attributes of compulsory substitute tillage and to improve contract system of compulsory substitute tillage from contract formation and contract content.The research methods include document analysis as well as induction and deduction.The results show that:1)compulsory substitute tillage belongs to the compulsory transfer of land management right.Rural collective economic organizations and the land contractors should sign written contracts.2)The civil law basis of the contract of compulsory substitute tillage is compulsory contracting obligation.In the case that the land contractor abandons cultivated land for more than two consecutive years,the rural collective economic organization shall fulfill the compulsory offer obligation,while the land contractor shall bear the compulsory commitment obligation.3)The typical type of compulsory tillage contract belongs to the transfer of land management rights.The land contractor should not obtain the transfer revenue.If the land contractor continues to cultivate the land or voluntarily transfers the land management right,the compulsory substitute tillage contract may be terminated legally.In conclusion,based on the compulsory nature of contract formation and the clarity of the rights and obligations of both parties,the contract of compulsory substitute tillage should become an effective way to solve the problem of cultivated land abandonment.

关 键 词：耕地保护 弃耕抛荒 强制代耕 土地经营权流转 强制缔约义务 

分 类 号：F301.21[经济管理—产业经济]