日粮补饲磷酸氢钙对异食癖后备牛的影响研究  

Effects of Dietary Supplement of Calcium Hydrogen Phosphate on Pica Heifers

作　　者：韩吉雨 姜君 张彩霞 李俊良 HAN Ji-yu;JIANG Jun;ZHANG Cai-xia;LI Jun-liang(Dairy Research Institute of Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co.,Ltd,Huhhot 010010)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古伊利实业集团股份有限公司奶牛科学研究院,呼和浩特010010

出　　处：《中国奶牛》2023年第8期66-69,共4页China Dairy Cattle

基　　金：国家奶牛产业技术体系专项资金资助(CARS-36);2020年呼和浩特市重大科技专项资金(2020-农-重-1)。

摘　　要：本研究旨在通过比较患有异食癖的后备牛只与正常牛只血清矿物质元素含量的差异,结合日粮营养需要探究北方地区后备牛异食癖高发原因,并通过日粮补饲磷酸氢钙来缓解后备牛发病情况。选定北方地区3座后备牛异食癖发病率大于15%的牧场作为试验牧场,分析日粮营养需要并采集后备牛血清测定其中矿物质元素含量。随后在TMR中补饲磷酸氢钙50.0g/(头·d),在试验期前及试验期第15天、30天对试验牧场异食癖发病率情况进行统计,并采集血清样本测定矿物质元素含量,比较补饲磷酸氢钙后血清矿物质元素含量变化。结果表明,3座试验牧场TMR中磷元素分别为0.24%、0.25%、0.27%,TMR中磷含量均不能满足后备牛日粮营养需要。3座牧场异食癖牛只血清中钙、钾、钠及铁元素含量与标准对照值相比均无显著差异,而磷元素含量均低于标准对照值(P<0.05)。3座试验牧场牛只均在饲喂磷酸氢钙后异食癖改善效果明显,牧场1异食癖发生率由20.18%降至3.67%,牧场2异食癖发生率由28.14%降至8.04%,牧场3异食癖发生率由18.78%降至6.09%。随着试验天数延长,后备牛血清磷、钙元素含量显著增加(P<0.05)。综上所述,当牧场后备牛出现异食癖的情况时,可以检测后备牛TMR中磷含量是否满足营养需求,若日粮磷含量不能满足后备牛营养需求,则可以通过添加50g/(头·d)的磷酸氢钙来缓解异食现象。The purpose of this study was to explore the reasons for the high incidence of pica in reserve cattle in northern China by comparing the difference of serum mineral elements content between reserve cattle with pica and normal cattle,combined with dietary nutritional requirements,and to alleviate the incidence of pica in reserve cattle by supplementing their diets with calcium hydrogen phosphate.Three pastures with pica incidence greater than 15%of reserve cattle in northern China were selected as experiment pastures to analyze dietary nutritional requirements.The blood samples of 10 cattle were randomly collected from the local fetishistic pasture as the standard value control to determine the content of serum mineral elements.And then TMR diet supplemented with calcium hydrogen phosphate 50.0g/day/head were fed.The incidence of pica in the test pasture was statistically analyzed before the trial period,on the 15th day and the 30th day of the trial period.Blood samples of 10 cattle were randomly collected from the local grazing pasture with no fetishism as the standard value control to compare the changes of serum mineral content after supplementary feeding of calcium hydrogen phosphate.The results showed that the phosphorus content in TMR of the three experimental pastures was 0.24%,0.25%and 0.27%respectively,and the phosphorus content in TMR could not meet the nutritional requirements of reserve cattle.The contents of calcium,potassium,sodium and iron in serum of pica cattle from the three pastures had no significant differences compared with the standard control values,while the contents of phosphorus were lower than the standard control values(P<0.05).The incidence of pica in pasture 1 decreased from 20.18%to 3.67%,that in pasture 2 decreased from 28.14%to 8.04%,and that in pasture 3 decreased from 18.78%to 6.09%.The contents of phosphorus and calcium in reserve bovine serum increased significantly with the extension of experiment days(P<0.05).In conclusion,when pica occurs in reserve cattle in pasture,it can

关 键 词：后备牛 异食癖 磷酸氢钙 血清 微量元素 

分 类 号：S823.4[农业科学—畜牧学]