不同覆膜宽度对棉花农田环境的影响  

Effects of different film mulching width on cotton farmland environment

作　　者：李雪玲 郭俊先 陈莉 宋鹤岭 张众 LI Xueling;GUO Junxian;CHEN Li;SONG Heling;ZHANG Zhong(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Shawan City Agronomic Technology Extension Center,Shawan Xinjiang 832100,China;Rural Revitalization Big Data Operation Co.,Ltd.,Shawan Xinjiang 832100,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学机电工程学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]沙湾市农业技术推广中心,新疆沙湾832100 [3]沙湾乡村振兴大数据运营有限公司,新疆沙湾832100

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2023年第8期1840-1847,共8页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项项目“棉花大面积高产高效标准化生产技术集成示范”(2020A01002-4)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同覆膜宽度对棉花全生育期内0~60 cm土层深度下土壤含水率及土壤温度的影响。【方法】采用土壤墒情监测仪,实时监测土壤中水分、温度实时状况。同位监测连续6个土层深度(每10 cm一层)的土壤体积含水量以及连续6个土层深度(每10 cm一层)的土壤温度。根据棉花生育阶段,分别读取棉花苗期、蕾期、花铃期、吐絮期等每天地温以及水分变化,分析4.4 m超宽膜与2.05 m宽膜对土壤水分及温度的影响。【结果】4.4 m超宽膜与2.05 m宽膜在0~60 cm土层深度下的地温日变化趋势一致,土壤温度在地面表层和地下10 cm处主要受大气温度的影响。棉花生育后期时,不同土层的温度逐渐下降,4.4 m超宽膜的土壤温度较2.05 m宽膜滞后。从棉花苗期到花铃期,中层土壤深度以下的平均温度与平均含水率呈负相关的关系。【结论】超宽膜有增温保水的能力,可以改善土壤的水热条件,加快棉花的生长发育,增产效果显著,可用于新疆北疆地区推广试用。【Objective】To further study the effects of different film mulching width on soil moisture content and soil temperature at 0~60 cm soil depth during the whole growth period of cotton.【Methods】The soil moisture monitor was used to monitor the real-time situation of soil moisture and temperature.At the same time,the soil volume and water content of six consecutive soil layer depths(one layer per 10 cm)and the soil temperature of six consecutive soil layer depths(one layer per 10 cm)were monitored simultaneously.According to the cotton fertility stage,the daily ground temperature and water changes of the cotton seedling period,bud period,flower bell period and spitting catkins period were read,respectively.Through information monitoring,the effects of 4.4 m ultra wide film and 2.05 m wide film on soil moisture and temperature were analyzed.【Results】The diurnal variation trend of ground temperature of 4.4 m ultra wide film was consistent with that of 2.05 m wide film at the depth of 0~60 cm soil layer.The soil temperature was mainly affected by the atmospheric temperature at the surface and 10 cm underground.At this time,the surface temperature was also high due to the high solar radiation intensity.At the later stage of cotton growth,the temperature of different soil layers gradually decreased,and the soil temperature of 4.4 m ultra wide film lagged behind that of 2.05 m wide film.From cotton seedling stage to flowering and bolling stage,the average temperature below the middle soil depth was negatively correlated with the average water content.【Conclusion】Ultra wide film has the ability of increasing temperature and water retention,can improve soil hydrothermal conditions,accelerate cotton growth and development,and has remarkable yield increasing effect.It can be used for popularization and trial in northern Xinjiang.

关 键 词：棉花 土壤含水率 土壤温度 超宽膜 

分 类 号：S28[农业科学—农业水土工程]