减氮下运筹养分吸收高峰期追施比例对春小麦的影响  

Effects of chasing rate during peak nutrient uptake of transport under n Reduction on spring wheat

作　　者：李怀胜 艾洪玉 孟玲 王贺亚 张磊[3] 艾海峰 LI Huaisheng;AI Hongyu;MENG Ling;WANG Heya;ZHANG Lei;AI Haifeng(Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Ninth Division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(Animal Husbandry Science Research Institute),Tacheng Xinjiang 834300,China;Tacheng Prefecture Agrcultural Science Research Institute,Tacheng Xinjiang 834300,China;Tarim University,Aral Xinjiang 843300,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆生产建设兵团第九师农业科学研究所(畜牧科学研究所),新疆额敏834300 [2]塔城地区农业科学研究所,新疆塔城834300 [3]塔里木大学,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2023年第8期1866-1872,共7页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“绿洲小麦化肥农药减施技术集成研究与示范”(2018YFD20040608);兵团第九师科技攻关“滴灌春小麦节本提质增效关键技术研究与集成”。

摘　　要：【目的】研究新疆北疆滴灌春小麦高产、优质栽培中合理减氮养分运筹,为春小麦拔节至开花的氮肥施用量选择提供依据。【方法】以新春43号为供试材料,调研213户农户氮肥施入量390 kg/hm^(2)的基础上,按照氮肥减量20%、30%和40%设置3个施氮水平(312、270和234 kg/hm^(2))及拔节至开花运筹比例(7∶3、5∶5、6∶4),研究不同施氮水平下运筹调控拔节至开花期的氮肥追施比例对滴灌春小麦的影响。【结果】N_(1)条件下,产量以R_(3)最高,较R_(1)、R_(2)增产7.4%、3.7%,各生育时期干物质积累量较R_(1)分别增加13.9%、17.5%、26.2%、10.3%,较R_(2)分别增加7.7%、3.6%、10.6%和2.6%;花前、花后同化物转运量差异性不显著,叶面积指数也表现为R_(3)>R_(2)>R_(1)。N_(2)条件下,产量与N_(1)条件下表现一致,干物质积累量各时期表现为R_(2)>R_(1)>R_(3),花前、花后同化物转运量呈“先增后降”的变化趋势,均在R_(2)达到最大,分别为2614.35和6284.79 kg/hm^(2),叶面积指数表现为R_(3)>R_(2)>R_(1)。N_(3)条件下,R_(2)的产量显著高于R_(1)、R_(3),增产幅度分别为25.4%和32.0%,各生育时期干物质积累量较R_(1)分别增加4.8%、10.8%、8.5%和23.2%,花前、花后同化物以R_(3)最大,为2242.32 kg/hm^(2),较R_(1)、R_(2)分别增加了50.6%和36.8%,叶面积指数表现为R_(2)>R_(1)>R_(3)。【结论】纯氮234 kg/hm^(2),拔节至开花期氮肥运筹比例6∶4更加适应春小麦生产。【Objective】To provide a basis for reasonable nitrogen reduction in high-yield and high-quality cultivation of spring wheat under drip irrigation in Northern Xinjiang and to determine the amount of nitrogen fertilizer from nodulation to flowering.【Methods】Xinchun 43 was taken as the test material,on the basis of investigating the nitrogen application amount of 390 kg/hm^(2) in 213 agricultural households,three nitrogen application levels(312,270 and 234 kg/hm^(2))and the operation research ratio from nodulation to flowering(7∶3,5∶5 and 6∶4)were set according to the nitrogen reduction of 20%,30%and 40%,to study the effect of the transport ratios from nodulation to flowering on drip irrigated spring wheat.【Results】Under the condition of N_(1),the yield of R_(3)was the highest,which was increased by 7.4%and 3.7%compared with those of R_(1)and R_(2).The dry matter accumulation increased by 13.9%,17.5%,26.2%and 10.3%compared with that of R_(1),and 7.7%,3.6%,10.6%and 2.6%compared with R_(2)in each period,respectively;There was no significant difference in assimilation transport before and after anthesis,and the leaf area index was R_(3)>R_(2)>R_(1).Under N_(2) condition,the yield was consistent with that under N_(1) condition.The dry matter accumulation was R_(2)>R_(1)>R_(3)in each period.The assimilation transport before and after flowering showed a trend of"increasing first and then decreasing",which reached the maximum in R_(2),2,614.35 and 6,284.79 kg/hm^(2) respectively.The leaf area index was R_(3)>R_(2)>R_(1).Under the condition of N_(3),the yield of R_(2)was significantly higher than those of R_(1)and R_(3),with an increase of 25.4%and 32.0%,respectively.The dry matter accumulation increased by 4.8%,10.8%,8.5%and 23.2%compared with that of R_(1).The assimilates content before and after anthesis of R_(3)was maximum at 2,242.32 kg/hm^(2),which increased by 50.6%and 36.8%compared with R_(1)and R_(2),respectively,and the leaf area index showed R_(2)>R_(1)>R_(3).【Conclusion】The pure nitrogen 234

关 键 词：氮肥运筹 春小麦 干物质积累与转运 叶面积指数 产量 

分 类 号：S512[农业科学—作物学]