水面光伏抑制蒸发作用对应节水量的优化配置--以白洋淀湿地补水为例  

Optimal allocation of water saving of evaporation suppression by floating photovoltaic:A case study of Baiyangdian Wetland

作　　者：马超[1] 李鑫杨 MA Chao;LI Xinyang(State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学水利工程仿真与安全国家重点实验室,天津300350

出　　处：《南水北调与水利科技（中英文）》2023年第4期742-750,共9页South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52079087,51722906)。

摘　　要：水面光伏可通过组件等的遮挡作用减少建设水域蒸发损失,规模开发后形成显著的抑制蒸发的节水潜力,如何再配置上述节水量以实现最佳水资源利用是亟待解决的问题。基于此,结合湿地生态补水问题,以湿地优势物种价值增量最大、湿地水资源保障能力增量最大和水源地用水效益损失最小为目标,构建水面光伏抑制蒸发作用对应节水量的优化配置模型,并以典型湿地——白洋淀进行案例分析。结果表明:水面光伏抑制蒸发的节水可在改善湿地生态补水工作中发挥关键作用。白洋淀低、中和高补水需求下,芦苇经济价值最大增加0.5亿、2.6亿和5.5亿元,水资源保障能力提高61%、42%和28%,丹江口水库在丰水年、平水年和枯水年的平均最小发电损失为0.25亿、0.38亿和0.43亿kW·h。白洋淀补水需求和丹江口水库来水的不同遭遇情景的配置方案表明:白洋淀在低补水需求时,建议高流量补水时段为3—6月和9月;在白洋淀中、高补水需求时,建议高流量补水时段为10月—次年2月或3—6月。Floating photovoltaic is a system where traditional photovoltaic modules are placed on free water,such as reservoirs,lakes,water transfer projects,coal mining subsidence area,etc.Through the shading effect of modules and other components,floating photovoltaic can reduce water evaporation and it has great potential to save water by suppressing evaporation after large-scale development.In recent years,a large number of studies have focused on the evaporation theoretical calculation model of water with floating photovoltaic and the quantification of watersaving benefits.However,there are few studies on the utilization of water-saving by suppressing evaporation of floating photovoltaic.How to reconfigure the above-mentioned water-saving to achieve the optimal utilization of water resources is an urgent problem to be solved.Due to climate change and increased competition for water resources,wetlands are facing serious water scarcity.The water transfer project not only is the engineering basis of wetland ecological replenishment,but also provides a broad water area for the floating photovoltaic construction.Based on this,the aim of this work is to purpose the optimal allocation of water-saving by suppressing evaporation of floating photovoltaic combined with wetland ecological water supplement.An optimization model was constructed with multiple objectives of maximizing the incremental value of dominant species in wetlands,maximizing the incremental capacity of wetland water security and minimizing the loss of water use benefits in water sources,and the genetic algorithm was used to solve the model.Based on the results of scenario simulation,the competition relationship between multiple objectives was revealed and suggestions on water resource allocation for wetland ecological water replenishment were put forward.The main canal of the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Transfers Project and the reservoir along it were taken as the water area for floating photovoltaic construction.A case study was conducted with Ba

关 键 词：水面光伏系统 抑制蒸发 节水 多目标优化 南水北调中线工程 白洋淀湿地 

分 类 号：TV213[水利工程—水文学及水资源]