玉米产量性状的表观遗传调控机制和育种应用  

Epigenetic Regulation of Yield-related Traits in Maize and Epibreeding

作　　者：张道磊 甘雨军 乐亮 普莉 ZHANG Dao-lei;GAN Yu-jun;LE Liang;PU Li(Biotechnology Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081;School of Life Sciences,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010021)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院生物技术研究所,北京100081 [2]内蒙古大学生命科学学院,呼和浩特010021

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2023年第8期31-42,共12页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(32172091)。

摘　　要：作物表型的多样性受到多方面因素的影响,其中表观遗传变异可以通过表观修饰调控基因表达来控制作物性状及胁迫响应,进而影响农作物产量。影响玉米产量的主要农艺性状包括株高、叶夹角、根系等株型因素。此外,生物胁迫和非生物胁迫、种质资源也是影响玉米产量的关键因素。作物中主要的表观调控方式包括组蛋白修饰、DNA修饰、RNA修饰、非编码RNA及染色质重构。本综述重点总结了表观遗传修饰对玉米主要产量性状的调控机制及表观遗传变化在作物品种改良中的重要性,并结合表观遗传编辑技术提出了提高玉米产量的表观育种新途径。Crop phenotypic diversity is influenced by many factors,and epigenetic variation can control crop traits and stress response through epigenetic modification to regulate gene expressions,and then affect crop yield.The main agronomic traits affecting maize yield include plant height,leaf angle and root.In addition,germplasm resources,biotic stress and abiotic stress are also key factors affecting maize yield.The main epigenetic regulation modes in crops include histone modification,DNA modification,RNA modification,non-coding RNA and chromatin remodeling.In this review,the epigenetic mechanism of the main agronomic traits in maize is summarized from the perspective of epigenetic regulation,and the new strategy of epigenetics-mediated crop breeding(epibreeding)to improve maize yield is proposed in combination with CRISPR/Cas-based epigenome editing technology.

关 键 词：表型 表观遗传变异 产量性状 表观修饰 表观编辑 玉米 育种 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]