驶经丁坝船舶水动力特性数值研究  

Numerical Research on the Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Ship Passing Spur Dike

作　　者：冀楠 黄浩东 罗意 李浩然 JI Nan;HUANG Haodong;LUO Yi;LI Haoran(School of Shipping and Naval Architecture,Chongqing Jiaotong University,Chongqing 400074,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆交通大学航运与船舶工程学院,重庆400074

出　　处：《重庆交通大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第7期146-154,共9页Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFB1600400);2021年重庆市研究生科研创新项目(2021S0044)。

摘　　要：丁坝是常见的水工建筑物,会对河道水流和过往船舶的水动力特性产生影响。基于RANS方程,采用VOF方法处理自由液面并结合Realizable k-ε湍流模型,对船舶过丁坝时的水动力特性进行数值模拟。首先对丁坝和船舶的水动力特性进行数值计算,并与实验数据进行对比,证明数值模拟方法的合理性。然后将河道水流流速及船与丁坝相对位置作为变化参数,进行船舶水动力特性和河道流场域计算,得到船舶的受力特性和航行姿态的变化规律。研究表明:船舶的存在使得丁坝后的流场发生不稳定的横向摆动;船舶经过丁坝时,横向力峰值出现在丁坝前0.25倍船长(X/L_(pp)=-0.25)位置附近,纵向力峰值出现在丁坝轴线位置处(X/L_(pp)=0),船舶受到的转艏力矩正向峰值出现在丁坝后0.5倍船长附近(X/L_(pp)=0.5),负向峰值出现在丁坝前0.5倍船长附近(X/L_(pp)=-0.5);水流流速增大,船舶受力及力矩的增量在丁坝前后一倍船长范围内(-1<X/L_(pp)<1)最为显著;此外,船舶的横摇、纵摇、升沉的幅值随船与丁坝距离及水流流速的改变呈现出不同的变化规律。Spur dike is a common hydraulic structure,which will affect the flow of river and the hydrodynamic characteristics of passing ships.Based on the RANS equation,VOF method was used to process free surface,and Realizable k-εturbulence model was combined to numerically simulate the hydrodynamic characteristics of ships passing through spur dike.Firstly,the hydrodynamic characteristics of the spur dike and the ship were numerically simulated and compared with the experimental data,which proved the rationality of the numerical simulation method.Then,the flow velocity and the relative position of the ship spur dike were used as the variation parameters to calculate the hydrodynamic characteristics of the ship and the channel flow field domain,and the force characteristics of the ship and the variation pattern of the navigation attitude were obtained.The results show that the presence of ships makes the flow field behind the spur dike oscillate unsteadily.When the ship passes through the spur dike,the peak value of transverse force appears at about 0.25 times of the ship length in front of the spur dike(X/Lpp=-0.25),the peak value of longitudinal force appears at the position of the axis of the spur dike.The positive peak value of heading turning moment appears at the position of 0.5 times of the ship length behind the spur dike(=0.5),and the negative peak value appears at the position of 0.5 times of the ship length in front of spur dike(X/Lpp=-0.5).With the increase of water flow velocity,the increment of force and moment of ship is the most significant in the range of one ship length in front and rear of the spur dike(-1<X/Lpp<1).In addition,the amplitude of ship roll,pitch and heave varies with the distance between ship and spur dike as well as the flow velocity.The research results can provide reference for the safe navigation of ships in spur dike area and the construction of corresponding hydraulic engineering.

关 键 词：船舶工程 丁坝 水动力特性 数值模拟 限制水域 浅水 

分 类 号：U661.1[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程]