论类书分类视野下的古典诗歌“学问化”运作机制  

The Operational Mechanism of"Scholarly-Tendency"of Classical Poetry from the Perspective of Classification in catehory Books

作　　者：王治田 WANG Zhi-tian(Department of Languages of China and Literature,Sun Yat-sen University(Zhuhai),Guangzhou,519082 Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学中国语言文学系(珠海),广东广州519082

出　　处：《徐州工程学院学报（社会科学版）》2023年第3期31-41,共11页Journal of Xuzhou Institute of Technology：Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中国古代类书叙录、整理与研究”(19ZDA245)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：古典诗歌的“学问化”,与类书的编纂及类书编纂中形成的“类”的观念是密切相关的;通过类书的编纂,以及“类”的观念的渗透,古典诗歌的“学问化”才得以实现。所谓“类”的观念,其实包含了两方面的意思:一是相似材料的模拟与联想、对接;二是类聚群分,分门别类。这种“类”的观念,贯穿在类书编纂者抄书和分类的活动中,成为古典诗歌“学问化”的运作机制。首先,文人们通过编纂类书来裒集“诗材”,积累典故和辞藻,丰富自己创作的“语料库”,从而将一定时间内诗人所采用的语汇固定化、模式化;其次,类书的编纂者为了方便文人创作诗歌时使用,将采集来的语料以属对、联缀的方式加以编排,反过来完善了诗歌的形式美学,推动了诗歌创作的形式主义倾向;最后,类书的编纂者在“引譬连类”思维的指引下,将纷繁的物象组织成一个庞大的象征符号网络,从而完善了诗歌的象征美学,也促进了诗歌的类型化创作。The"scholarly-tendency"of classical poetry is closely related to the concept of"category"formed in the compilation of category books.Through the compilation of category books and the infiltration of the concept of"category",the"scholarly-tendency"of classical poetry can be achieved.The concept of"category"actually encompasses two meanings:one is the simulation,association,and connection of similar materials;another is clustering and categorizing,which runs through the activities of book compilers'copying and classifying,and thus forming the operational mechanism for the"scholarly-tendency"of classical poetry.Firstly,the literati compile category books to collect"poetic materials",accumulate allusions and glossaries so as to enrich their own"corpus"of creation,thereby fixing and modeling the vocabulary used by poets within a certain period of time;Secondly,in order to facilitate poetry creation,the compilers arrange the collected language materials in the form of attributive pairs and parallelism,which in turn improve the formal aesthetics of poetry and promote the tendency towards formalism in poetry creation;Finally,under the analogic and metaphoric mindset,the compilers organize a vast network of symbolic glossaries,thereby improving the symbolic aesthetics of poetry and promoting the"scholarly-tendency"of poetry creation.

关 键 词：类书 “类”的观念 抄书 分类 学问化 

分 类 号：G256[文化科学—图书馆学]