鲁西地区一次持续性污染天气过程的风场结构特征及其影响分析  

Analysis of Wind Field Structure Characteristics and Its Influence in a Continuous Pollution Weather Process in Western Shandong Province

作　　者：纪凡华 孟宪贵[2] 王丽 徐娟 Ji Fanhua;Meng Xiangui;Wang Li;Xu Juan(Liaocheng Meteorological Office of Shandong Province,Liaocheng 252000,China;Shandong Meteorological Observatory,Ji’nan 250031,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省聊城市气象局,山东聊城252000 [2]山东省气象台,济南250031

出　　处：《气象与环境科学》2023年第5期59-66,共8页Meteorological and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：山东省气象局预报员专项“风廓线雷达在鲁西秋冬季霾预报中的应用研究”(SDYBY2016-14)资助。

摘　　要：基于空气污染数据、风廓线雷达资料、NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料(2.5°×2.5°)和全球同化系统(GDAS)资料(1°×1°),对比分析了山东西部地区2016年1月一次持续性污染天气过程中3个天气阶段的风场结构特征及对污染天气和污染物质量浓度的影响。结果表明:此次过程中,污染物质量浓度有持续时间长和存在波动变化的特点;500 hPa冷暖平流强弱、850 hPa上暖脊、925 hPa切变线和地面冷高压可影响地面污染物的积聚和输送;对应垂直风场上水平气流输送通道越低,地面污染物积聚越快,垂直气流下降到500 m时会引起霾和雾天气的转化;水平风对污染物质量浓度的影响明显大于垂直气流的影响;近地面风速越小、持续时间越长,越有利于积聚类污染天气产生,地面到1000 m大气层偏北风为4 m·s^(-1)<风速≤6 m·s^(-1)时,有利于输送类污染天气产生,混合类污染天气受上游输送作用和本地积聚作用共同影响,是重度污染天气最主要的形成方式;1500 m至3000 m大气层风速为8 m·s^(-1)以上的西风和西北风对地面污染物消散具有明显的作用,风速越大或风向的经向分量越大,污染物消散越快。Based on air pollution data,wind profile radar data,NCEP/NCAR daily reanalysis_(2.5)°×2.5°data and global Assimilation system(GDAS)1°×1°data,this article compares and analyzes the impact of wind field characteristics of three weather stages on pollution and pollutant mass concentration in a continuous pollution weather process in January 2016 in western Shandong.The results show that the actual pollutant mass concentration had the characteristics of long duration and wave-like changes.The cold and warm advections at 500 hPa,the warm ridge at 850 hPa,the Weak shear line at 925 hPa and the cold high pressure on the ground affected the accumulation and transport of surface pollutants.On the vertical profile,the lower the horizontal airflow transport channel,the faster the accumulation of ground pollutants.When the vertical airflow dropped to 500 m,it causes the conversion of haze and fog weather.The effect of horizontal wind on the mass concentration of pollutants was significantly greater than that of vertical air flow.The lower the wind speed near the ground and the longer the duration,the more conducive to the accumulation of polluted weather.The 4 m·s^(-1)<the northerly wind speed≤6 m·s^(-1) from ground to 1000 m height was beneficial to the generation of transport pollution weather.Mixed polluted weather was affected by both upwind transport and local accumulation,which is the main form of severely polluted weather.Westerly and northwesterly winds with wind speeds above 8 m·s^(-1) in the atmosphere from 1500 to 3000 m height had obvious influence on the dissipation of pollutants on the ground.The greater the wind speed or the meridional component of the wind direction,the faster the dissipation of pollutants.

关 键 词：风廓线雷达 风场结构 污染天气 HYSPLIT-4后向轨迹 鲁西 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]