液氮辅助喷雾冷冻干燥法制备纳米环 三亚甲基三硝胺及其表征和性能  

Preparation of Nano Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine by Liquid Nitrogen Assisted Spray Freeze Drying and Its Characterization and Properties

作　　者：郭嘉 曹雨琪 石宇槐 曹雄 GUO Jia;CAO Yuqi;SHI Yuhuai;CAO Xiong(School of Environmental and Safety Engineering,North University of China,Taiyuan 030051,China)

机构地区：[1]中北大学环境与安全工程学院,山西太原030051

出　　处：《中北大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第4期416-421,共6页Journal of North University of China(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(21975227);山西省研究生创新项目(2021Y652)。

摘　　要：单质炸药的机械感度和热分解性能与其结构关联密切。本文采用液氮辅助喷雾冷冻干燥法制备了具有三维网络结构的纳米环三亚甲基三硝胺(nano RDX)。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱仪(FT-IR)对其形貌和结构进行了表征;采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)测试和分析了其热分解行为;采用WL-1撞击感度仪和BAM摩擦感度仪对其机械感度进行测试,并与RDX原料的实验参数进行了对比。结果表明:液氮辅助喷雾冷冻干燥法制备的纳米RDX形成了纳米级网络结构,结晶性良好;纳米RDX热分解的表观活化能(E a)和热爆炸临界温度(T b)均有所降低,分别下降了7.11 kJ·mol^(-1)和2.72℃;纳米RDX的机械感度明显降低,撞击感度特性落高(H 50)由原料的26.5 cm提高至38.8 cm,摩擦感度提高了168 N。The mechanical sensitiveness and thermal decomposition properties of single-compound explosives are strongly associated to their structure.The nano-cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine(RDX)with three-dimensional network structure was prepared by liquid nitrogen-assisted spray freeze-drying.The morphology and structure of RDX were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffractometer(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FT-IR).The thermal decomposition behavior was measured and analyzed using differential scanning calorimeter(DSC).The mechanical sensitiveness was tested by WL-1 impact sensitivity and BAM friction sensitivity,and compared with the experimental data of RDX raw materials.The results show that the nano RDX prepared by liquid nitrogen assisted spray freeze drying method forms a nanoscale network structure with good crystallinity.The apparent activation energy(E a)and thermal explosion critical temperature(T b)of the thermal decomposition of nano RDX reduce by 7.11 kJ·mol^(-1) and 2.72℃,respectively.The mechanical sensitivity of nano RDX is significantly reduced.The drop height of impact sensitivity(H 50)of nano RDX increases from 26.5 cm of raw material to 38.8 cm,and the friction sensitivity increases by 168 N.

关 键 词：环三亚甲基三硝胺(RDX) 纳米尺寸 热分析 活化能 感度 

分 类 号：TQ560.71[化学工程—炸药化工]