非谐振式的电磁-摩擦复合式纳米发电机  

An Electromagnetic-Triboelectric Hybrid Nanogenerator Based on Non-Resonant Mechanism

作　　者：任静 何剑[1] REN Jing;HE Jian(Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science and Dynamic Measurement(North University of China),Ministry of Education,Taiyuan 030051,China)

机构地区：[1]中北大学仪器科学与动态测试教育部重点实验室,山西太原030051

出　　处：《中北大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第4期455-464,共10页Journal of North University of China(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(62171414,52175554,52205608,62171415,62001431);山西省基础研究计划(20210302123059,20210302124610)。

摘　　要：针对人体机械能频率低(<10 Hz)、振幅高、运动不规则的特点,为了实现对人体机械能的高效采集,本文利用非线性频带拓宽技术的单稳态法设计了一款非谐振式摩擦-电磁复合式能量采集器。该器件将电磁发电机(Electromagnetic Nanogenerator,EMG)和摩擦纳米发电机(Triboelectric Nanogenerator,TENG)集成至一个具有非线性特性的磁悬浮系统中,利用非线性系统幅频曲线共振峰值偏移现象,拓宽了器件的频率响应范围;引入了柔性多层摩擦发电单元,不仅增强了器件的低频响应特性,还提高了器件的输出功率。测试结果表明:在6 Hz、10 m/s^(2)的振动条件下,当外接电阻为100 MΩ,顶部摩擦发电单元TENG1和底部摩擦单元TENG2的瞬时输出功率分别为202.5μW和348.1μW;当外接电阻为60Ω时,两组电磁发电单元EMG1和EMG2的瞬时输出功率均可达到150 mW。此外,设计的复合式能量采集器不仅可以通过人体在4 min内的运动将容值0.022 F的电容器从0 V充电到3.3 V,还可以驱动低功耗传感器。所设计能量采集器突破了传统谐振式能量采集器在低频、随机振动环境下能量采集效率低的难题,能够用于自供电式低功耗便携式电子产品。To efficiently collect human mechanical energy with low-frequency(<10 Hz),high-amplitude,and irregular vibrations,a non-resonant electromagnetic-triboelectric hybrid energy harvester was proposed by using the nonlinear frequency band broadening technology-monostable method proposed in this paper.The device integrated electromagnetic nanogenerator(EMG)and Triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)into a magnetic levitation system with nonlinear characteristic,and could broaden the frequency response range by using the phenomenon of the resonance peak shift of the amplitude-frequency curve in the nonlinear system.In addition,two flexible multi-layer triboelectric nanogenerators were introduced,which could not only enhance the low frequency response characteristic,but also improve the output power of the device.The test results show that at an external load of 1×108Ωand with vibration at 6 Hz and 10 m/s^(2),the instantaneous output power of the top(TENG1)and bottom(TENG2)are 202.5μW and 348.1μW,respectively.The instantaneous output power of the top(EMG1)and bottom(EMG2)both achieve 150 mW at an external of 60Ω.Moreover,the designed energy harvester can not only charge a capacitor of 0.022 F from 0 V to 3.3 V in 4 minutes from human motions but also drive low-power sensors.The device can break through the problem of low energy acquisition efficiency of the traditional resonant energy harvesters in low-frequency and random vibration environment,and can be used to self-powered low-power portable electronic products.

关 键 词：复合式能量采集器 磁悬浮系统 电磁发电机 摩擦纳米发电机 人体机械能 便携式电子产品 

分 类 号：TK6[动力工程及工程热物理—生物能]