常德地区‘华金’‘湘林40’落花落果动态研究  

Drop dynamics on flower and fruit of'Huajin'and'Xianglin 40'in Changde areas

作　　者：彭媛 袁文思 王帅玲 委霞 万海清 PENG Yuan;YUAN Wensi;WANG Shuailing;WEI Xia;WAN Haiqing(Hunan Institute of Applied Technology,Changde 415100,Hunan,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]湖南应用技术学院,湖南常德415100

出　　处：《贵州林业科技》2023年第3期59-65,共7页Guizhou Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：湖南省高等学校“双一流”应用特色学科(湖南省教育厅18A517);湖南应用技术学院林学学科(湘教通〔2018〕469号);油茶自然林良种化改造技术研究与示范(湖南省科技厅2016NK2042)。

摘　　要：比较不同园区局部地形下油茶的落花落果规律,用以指导保花保果调控技术的实施,探讨良种油茶幼龄在高标准水平梯田规模化栽培条件下稳步增产的技术路径。以‘华金’和‘湘林40’油茶为供试的油茶品种,进行为期一年的落花落果动态观察,分别测定2个油茶品种的花蕾数、落花数、落果数、坐果数及成熟果数,对‘华金’进行修剪干预措施,比较圆锥形和圆头形的坐果率。结果显示:(1)落花阶段:‘湘林40’为11月上旬至1月中旬,‘华金’落花高峰期是前年12月至次年1月;(2)落果阶段:‘湘林40’分为3个时期,分别为2月上旬至4月上中旬、4月下旬至7月上旬、8月中下旬至9月下旬,‘华金’的落果高峰期为8至9月;(3)梯田中上部‘湘林40’的落花高峰要比平缓谷地迟一个月左右,而平缓谷地落果进度与梯田中上部基本同步,不论是坐果率还是结实率,平缓谷地都显著高于梯田中上部;(4)圆锥形树体油茶样株的坐果率显著低于圆头形树体油茶样株的坐果率。表明:11月初及时对平缓地的油茶采取保花措施,12月初实施陡坡油茶的保花措施;对‘华金’进行适时的整形修剪,可降低落花、落果率,但在果实成熟前(8—9月)要辅以肥水管理;圆头形树体结构的‘华金’更有增产优势。Camellia oleifera has been widely cultivated as the woody oil tree species.This study aims to explore the flower and fruit drop dynamics of Camellia oleifera under the local topography of different parks.A technical path was proposed to steadily increase the yield of excellent young fruits in the high standard level cultivation conditions of terraces.‘Huajin’and‘Xianglin 40’were firstly selected as the Camellia oleifera varieties for research objects.Flower and fruit drop were then detected to measure the dynamic number of flower buds,flower drop,fruit drop,fruit set and mature fruit number of the two camellia cultivars over one year.Finally,the pruning intervention measures of"Huajin"were carried out to compare the cone-shaped and round-head-shaped fruit sets.The results show that:①Flowering drop stage of Xianglin 40 was from early November to mid-January,whereas,the peak flower drop period of Huajin was from December of the previous year to January of the next year.②Fruit drop stage of"Xianglin 40"was divided into three periods,namely early February to early and mid-April,late April to early July,mid to late August to late September.By contrast,the peak fruit drop period of"Huajin"was from August to September.There was about a month later than that in the flat valley.The fruit falling progress in the flat valley was basically the same as that in the middle and upper terraces.Whether the fruit or seed setting rate,the flat valley was significantly higher than the middle and upper terraces.④The fruit setting rate of Camellia oleifera with a conical head shape was significantly lower than that with a round head one.In order to better cultivate'Xianglin 40',the flower preservation measures can be taken for Camellia oleifera on gentle ground in early November,whereas,the steep slopes can be in early December.Timely shaping and pruning of'Huajin'can be expected to reduce the flower drop,fruit drop rate.After that,the fertilizer and water management should be supplemented before the fruit matures(August-

关 键 词：油茶 水平梯田规模化 整形修剪 落花落果 常德 

分 类 号：S794.4[农业科学—林木遗传育种]