电弧增材制造钛合金成形工艺与过程控制  

Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of Titanium Alloy:Forming Process and Process Control

作　　者：鲁涛 敬石开[1] 聂靖轩 徐田秋 李昌远 刘长猛[1] Lu Tao;Jing Shikai;Nie jingxuan;Xu Tianqiu;Li Changyuan;Liu Changmeng(School of Mechanical Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学机械与车辆学院,北京100081

出　　处：《稀有金属》2023年第5期618-632,共15页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51875041)资助。

摘　　要：电弧增材制造(wire arc additive manufacturing, WAAM)技术被认为是制造大型钛合金构件最具前景的增材制造技术之一。然而,成形过程稳定性差、成形件表面质量及尺寸精度低是制约WAAM钛合金构件推广运用的主要瓶颈,对WAAM成形过程进行实时监测及反馈控制是解决这一难题的重要研究方向,也是当前WAAM钛合金研究的热点之一。对于WAAM钛合金的高效稳定成形而言,成形机制的研究是基础,工艺及装备的优化是保证,成形过程的监测与控制是关键。简要介绍了WAAM钛合金的成形工艺、装备及其运用,指出了成形件组织及力学性能的特点及其调控方法。通过对WAAM钛合金常见缺陷及其形成机制的分析,指出了WAAM装备设计与工艺优化的方向。总结了WAAM成形过程中基于视觉信号、电信号、声信号及多信号融合的在线监测方法,综述了成形过程控制方法及控制系统的发展。最后,对全文进行了总结,展望了未来WAAM钛合金成形与控制领域值得深入研究的方向。Titanium alloys are widely used in the fields of aerospace,navigation and energy engineering to fabricate large-scale integral components with complex geometry.The intrinsic properties of titanium alloys,such as low thermal conductivity and high chemical reactivity,result in a large buy-to-fly ratio in the fabrication of these components.This leads to remarkable time and production cost.Nowadays,additive manufacturing(AM)is causing a paradigm change in the manufacturing industry,and provides an alternative method for the fabrication of the large titanium components.To economically produce these large components,high deposition rates of kilograms per hour are necessary.Wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)is considered as one of the most promising AM technologies for the fabrication of large titanium components.The main advantages of WAAM are high deposition rate,high material utilization and low processing cost.However,the poor stability of the forming process,low surface quality and dimensional accuracy of the built parts are the major bottlenecks restricting the application of titanium components fabricated by WAAM.In order to promote the application of WAAMed titanium components,the research on the forming mechanism is the foundation,the optimization of process and equipment is the guarantee,and the monitoring and control of the process is the key.Therefore,WAAM technology based on different heat sources and their characteristics was discussed in this review.The commonly used heat sources of WAAM included gas metal arc welding,gas tungsten arc welding and plasma arc welding.The use of the auxiliary heat source to main a stable WAAM process was discussed as well.Then,the research and development of WAAM equipment and the application of WAAM titanium components were summarized.As WAAM technology moved toward higher deposition rate and heat input,the probabilities of producing highly textured microstructures and anisotropic mechanical properties were significantly increased.So,the microstructure and mechanical pr

关 键 词：电弧增材制造(wire arc additive manufacturing WAAM) 钛合金 成形质量 在线监测 过程控制 

分 类 号：TG146.23[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]