增材制造制备钨及钨合金材料研究进展  

Research Progress of Tungsten and Tungsten Alloys Prepared by Additive Manufacturing Technology

作　　者：张莹莹 熊宁[2] 王学兵[2] 杨怀超[2,3] 陈福鸽 柳学全[2] Zhang Yingying;Xiong Ning;Wang Xuebing;Yang Huaichao;Chen Fuge;Liu Xuequan(Central Iron&Steel Research Institute Company Limited,Beijing 100081,China;Advanced Technology&Materials Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100081,China;ATTL Advanced Materials Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100091,China)

机构地区：[1]钢铁研究总院有限公司,北京100081 [2]安泰科技股份有限公司,北京100081 [3]安泰天龙钨钼科技有限公司,北京100091

出　　处：《稀有金属》2023年第5期647-663,共17页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：天津市科技计划项目(20YDLZGX00020)资助。

摘　　要：钨及钨合金具有熔点高、硬度大、高温强度高等优异性能,广泛应用于航空航天、国防军工、核工业、医疗放射屏蔽材料、电子等领域。增材制造(additive manufacturing, AM)是制备复杂结构钨及钨合金成形件的有效方法。激光选区熔化(selective laser melting, SLM)和电子束选区熔化(selective electron beam melting, SEBM)是制备钨及钨合金常用的两种AM技术,主要围绕原料粉末、成形工艺、合金化和后处理等因素对钨及钨合金成形件的致密度、微观组织、力学性能和缺陷等角度开展研究。由于纯钨的表面张力大、粘度大、润湿性差,纯钨成形件中易出现球化现象、裂纹和气孔3种缺陷,阐述了缺陷形成机制及解决措施。从材料体系、制备工艺、材料性能和数值模拟方面对未来SLM和SEBM技术制备钨和钨合金成形件的发展方向进行了展望,以期建立工艺参数-微观组织-缺陷特征-力学性能的内在联系,快速实现成形工艺的调控和优化。Tungsten and tungsten alloys were widely used in aerospace,national defense and military industry,nuclear industry,medical radiation shielding materials,electronics,and other fields due to their excellent properties such as high melting point,high hardness,and high-temperature strength.Powder metallurgy was the most common method for preparing tungsten and its alloys.Due to the brittleness of tungsten at room temperature,parts with complex structural characteristics such as thin-walled,curved,and porous were difficult to prepare by powder metallurgy,which hindered the scope of application of tungsten and tungsten alloy materials in the industrial field.Additive manufacturing(AM)was a unique technology with high material utilization,high manufacturing flexibility,low machining allowance,low structural design constraints,near-net forming of complex structural parts,and rapid response to structural design changes,which had attracted widespread attention in various fields.The rapid development of additive manufacturing technology provided the possibility for the manufacture of complex tungsten and tungsten alloys.This paper introduced the characteristics of selective laser melting(SLM)and selective electron beam melting(SEBM)technologies,reviewed the current research status of SLM and SEBM technologies in the preparation of tungsten and tungsten alloys,analyzed their problems and shortcomings,and provided an outlook on the future development direction of SLM and SEBM technologies in the preparation of tungsten and tungsten alloy parts.The current work mainly investigated the influence of raw material powder,forming process,and alloying on relative density,microstructure,mechanical properties,and defects of tungsten and tungsten alloy parts,explained the formation mechanism of three kinds of defects:balling effect,porosity and cracking,and eliminated and suppressed defects by optimizing the forming process,adjusting the material composition and post-treatment,etc.,and achieved some results.The morphology and particle

关 键 词：钨及钨合金 激光选区熔化(selective laser melting SLM) 电子束选区熔化(selective electron beam melting SEBM) 微观组织 缺陷 

分 类 号：TG456.3[金属学及工艺—焊接]