日美之间的“经济主导型”竞争——兼论中美两国之间的“综合性”竞争  

"Economic Leading" Competition between Japan and the United States:Concurrently on the "Comprehensive Competition" between China and the United States

作　　者：王冠楠[1,2] 项卫星 Wang Guan-nan;Xiang Wei-xing

机构地区：[1]吉林大学经济学院,长春130012 [2]吉林大学国家发展与安全研究院,长春130012 [3]吉林大学美国研究所,长春130012

出　　处：《亚太经济》2023年第3期22-31,共10页Asia-Pacific Economic Review

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“中美关系对中国金融稳定的影响研究”(19YJC790133)。

摘　　要：日美贸易冲突是导致《广场协议》签订的最直接原因,但这一冲突不是单纯的贸易问题,而是“经济主导型”竞争的结果。其根源在于日本对美国市场的“脆弱性依赖”和受“日美同盟”这一结构性权力的约束。《广场协议》的签订并没有缓解两国之间的“经济主导型”竞争,此后美国运用技术民族主义对日本半导体产业进行遏制,阻止了日本企业在半导体产业对美国的高技术超越。这一竞争在20世纪90年代末趋于缓解,主要是因为冷战的终结和日本经济泡沫的破灭,美国不再将其视为主要竞争对手和打压对象。“敲打中国”由此开始取代“敲打日本”,其根本原因是中国的崛起和由此导致的“综合性”竞争。The most direct reason for the signing of the Plaza Accord is the trade conflict between Japan and the United States.However,this conflict is not a simple economic and trade issue,but the result of "economic leading" competition.On the one hand,Japan accepted this agreement because of its "fragile dependence" on the US market;On the other hand,the restriction of the structural power of the "Japan-US alliance" forces it to take the maintenance of Japan-US relations as the primary strategic choice in the face of the pressure of the United States.The signing of the Plaza Agreement did not ease the "economic leading" competition between Japan and the United States.Since then,the United States has used technological nationalism to curb Japan's semiconductor industry and prevent Japanese enterprises from surpassing the United States in high technology in the field of semiconductor industry.As for the competition,it tends to ease at the end of the 1990s,mainly because of the end of the cold war and the collapse of the Japanese economic bubble,so the United States no longer regards it as the main competitor and object."China bashing" began to replace "Japan bashing".The fundamental reason why the United States implements "comprehensive" competition with China is that the rise of China has changed the United States' perception of China.

关 键 词：贸易冲突 大国竞争 “经济主导型”竞争 《广场协议》 “综合性”竞争 

分 类 号：F125[经济管理—世界经济]