有机肥与生物炭对小白菜光合作用及硝酸盐积累的影响  

Effects of Organic Fertilizer and Biochar on Photosynthesis and Nitrate Accumulation in Chinese Cabbage

作　　者：吴瑕[1,2] 周浩楠 刘德阳 胡艺琛 王鹏[3] WU Xia;ZHOU Hao-nan;LIU De-yang;HU Yi-chen;WANG Peng(College of Horticulture and Landscape,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing Heilongjiang 163319,China;Post-doctoral workstation of Agricultural Products Processing Quality Supervision,Inspection and Testing Center(Daqing),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing Heilongjiang 163319,China;College of Agriculture,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing Heilongjiang 163319,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学园艺园林学院,黑龙江大庆163319 [2]黑龙江八一农垦大学农业农村部农产品加工质量监督检验检测中心(大庆)博士后工作站,黑龙江大庆163319 [3]黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,黑龙江大庆163319

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2023年第4期403-412,共10页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金联合引导项目(LH2021C066);大学生创新创业项目(202110223016);黑龙江八一农垦大学博士科研启动资助计划项目(XDB201819)。

摘　　要：为探究提高小白菜生长及品质的适宜的施肥方式,通过小白菜盆栽试验,设置常规化肥(对照,CK)、有机肥替代化肥50%(O)和常规化肥添加3%生物炭(C)处理,研究不同施肥处理对小白菜光合作用、生长指标、硝酸还原酶活性及硝酸盐含量的影响。结果表明:有机肥和生物炭处理显著提高小白菜的干、鲜重,有机肥处理提高小白菜干重达到55%以上,生物炭处理提高小白菜干重达到30%以上。其中播种后28 d小白菜气孔导度和光合速率显著提升,42 d时蒸腾速率显著提升,不同施肥处理一定程度上提高小白菜净光合速率。56 d时,50%有机肥替代化肥和3%生物炭处理小白菜的硝酸盐含量显著低于对照,两处理小白菜的硝酸还原酶活性均显著高于对照。生长56 d时,施用50%有机肥和3%生物炭处理小白菜根际土壤中有机质含量、碱解氮含量、速效磷含量、速效钾含量、土壤EC值和pH值均显著高于施用常规化肥的对照,两处理小白菜的株高,干、鲜重和根长均显著高于对照。小白菜干物质积累与胞间二氧化碳和硝酸还原酶呈显著正相关,与土壤速效养分呈显著负相关。小白菜的硝酸盐含量与胞间二氧化碳浓度和硝酸还原酶活性呈显著负相关,与土壤速效养分呈显著正相关。施用50%有机肥和3%生物炭在一定程度上改善小白菜的光合作用,促进小白菜的生物量的积累,提高小白菜硝酸还原酶活性,降低小白菜中硝酸盐含量。其中50%有机肥处理好于3%生物炭处理,二者均好于常规施肥。In order to explore the suitable fertilization method to improve the growth and quality of Chinese cabbage.A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different fertilization treatments on the photosynthetic index,growth index,nitrate reductase and nitrate content of Chinese cabbage by setting three treatments:chemical fertilizer as the control(CK),organic fertilizer instead of 50%chemical fertilizer N and P(O) and 3% biochar(C) added to chemical fertilizer.The results showed that organic fertilizer and biochar significantly increased the dry and fresh weight of Chinese cabbage,and increased the photosynthesis of Chinese cabbage to a certain extent,especially the stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate 28 days after sowing,At day 42,the transpiration rate increased significantly.At day 56,the nitrate of Chinese cabbage treated with 50% organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer and 3%biochar was significantly lower than that of the control,and the nitrate reductase activity of the two treatments was significantly higher than that of the control.At day 56,the content of organic matter,alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,soil EC value and pH in the rhizosphere soil of growing Chinese cabbage treated with 50% organic fertilizer and 3%biochar were significantly higher than those of the control.The plant height,dry weight,fresh weight and root length of the two treatments were significantly higher than those of the control.The accumulation of dry matter in Chinese cabbage was positively correlated with intercellular carbon dioxide and nitrate reductase,and negatively correlated with soil available nutrients.The nitrate content of Chinese cabbage was negatively correlated with intercellular carbon dioxide and nitrate reductase,and positively correlated with soil available nutrients.To sum up,the application of 50% organic fertilizer and 3% biochar improved the photosynthesis of Chinese cabbage to a certain extent,promoted the accumulation of biomass of Chinese ca

关 键 词：小白菜 有机肥 生物炭 光合作用 硝酸盐 

分 类 号：S145.6[农业科学—肥料学]