铜/碳钢复合材料的研究现状与展望  

RESEARCH STATUS AND PROSPECT OF COPPER/CARBON STEEL COMPOSITES

作　　者：何月颖 齐进刚 孟凡峻 徐海强 段啸天 刘伟 陈文兴 He Yueying;Qi Jingang;Meng Fanjun;Xu Haiqiang;Duan Xiaotian;Liu Wei;Chen Wenxing(Hebei Iron and Steel Coating Anti-Corrosion Technology Innovation Center,Jingye Iron and Steel Co.,Ltd.,Shijiazhuang 050400,Hebei)

机构地区：[1]敬业钢铁有限公司河北省钢铁涂镀防腐技术创新中心,河北石家庄050400

出　　处：《河北冶金》2023年第8期1-6,共6页Hebei Metallurgy

摘　　要：碳钢和铜两种金属复合可制成性能优良、具有特殊功能的高品质的复合材料,这种复合材料综合了铁铜两种金属的优点,既有铜优异的导电和耐腐蚀性能,又具有钢的高强度优势。本文介绍了铜/碳钢复合材料的性质、用途制备方法及面临的问题,并在此基础上展望了未来铜/碳钢复合材料的研究方向。铜/碳钢复合材料的耐腐蚀、抗氧化、强度高,导电导热性能优良、广泛应用在通信、电力传输、军工等方面。其制备方法中,电镀法无氰镀铜安全性高,得到的镀层致密平整、光亮均匀,但镀层与基体的结合强度低,会影响界面处结合的稳定性;固-固相爆炸复合法对操作人员的技术要求较为严格,且炸药的选取用量、板间距难以精确把控;利用轧制复合工艺复合的金属材料不具备较高的机械强度,抗扭转性能较弱;粉末烧结法粉体的质量难以保证,且工艺流程复杂,周期较长,生产成本相对较高;固-液相复合法复合的材料界面结合处容易出现夹杂、微孔等缺陷,降低结合强度。Carbon steel and copper can be made into high-quality composite materials with excellent performance and special functions,which combine the advantages of iron and copper metals,not only have excellent conductivity and corrosion resistance of copper,but also have the high strength advantages of steel.This paper introduces the properties,application preparation methods and problems of copper/carbon steel composites and looks forward to the future research direction of copper/carbon steel composites.Copper/carbon steel composite materials have corrosion resistance,oxidation resistance,high strength,excellent electrical and thermal conductivity,and are widely used in communications,power transmission,military,and other aspects.Among the preparation methods,the electroplating method has high safety of cyanide-free copper plating,and the obtained coating is dense and flat,uniform brightness,but the bonding strength between the coating and the matrix is low,which will affect the stability of the bonding at the interface;the solid-solid phase explosion composite method has strict technical requirements for operators,and it is difficult to accurately control the selection and dosage of explosives and the spacing between plates.The metal materials compounded by the rolling composite process do not have high mechanical strength and weak torsion resistance.The quality of powder sintering powder is difficult to guarantee,and the process flow is complex,the cycle is long,and the production cost is relatively high;the interfacial joint of materials compounded by solid-liquid composite method is prone to defects such as inclusions and micropores,which reduces the bonding strength.

关 键 词：铜 碳钢 复合材料 电镀法 固-固相复合法 固-液相复合法 

分 类 号：TB331[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]