山西省不同生态区123份玉米资源8个农艺性状的综合评价  

Comprehensive evaluation study of eight agronomic characters from 123 maize resources in different ecological regions of Shanxi Province

作　　者：王怡[1] 刘守渠 郭峰 任小燕 Wang Yi;Liu Shouqu;Guo Feng;Ren Xiaoyan(School of Agriculture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农学院,山西晋中030801

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第4期15-24,共10页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：山西省农业科学院作物科学研究所青年基金项目(ZQ2004);山西省重点研发计划项目(201903D221089)。

摘　　要：[目的]本研究旨在深度探究玉米种质资源的遗传多样性,有效提高玉米育种工作的针对性。[方法]通过变异系数、聚类分析、相关性分析、主成分分析以及逐步回归分析的方式对山西省4个不同生态区123份玉米资源的8个农艺性状(生育期、株高、穗位、穗长、行粒数、百粒重,出籽率、产量)进行了综合评价。[结果]8个表型性状的变异系数为1.87%~16.53%,其中穗位、产量、生育期以及株高的变异系数较大,这说明穗位、产量、生育期以及株高在参试材料中有着较高的变异,选择空间更大,育种学者可利用这4个指标来开展种质创新活动。当聚类分析图的遗传距离为0.0050时,可以将123份玉米材料划分为4个类群,各类性状差异明显,综合各农艺性状的特征能够发现,第Ⅰ类群生育期较长,百粒重较高,具有一定高产潜力;第Ⅱ类群玉米资源株高较高,穗长,生育期短,综合性状较差;第Ⅲ类群玉米资源穗位较低,育种学者可利用这个特性来开展相关种质创新活动;第Ⅳ类群玉米资源高秆,穗长,百粒重较高,具有一定高产潜力。主成分分析和综合评价结果显示,123份玉米材料中梅亚1604综合性状表现排名第1位,可作为育种中间材料。[结论]相较于简单的农艺性状分析方式,综合评价能够筛选出综合性状更强的10个玉米品种,评价方式更加准确、科学,研究结果能够为玉米种质鉴选提供理论参考。[Objective]The present study aimed to deeply explore the genetic diversity of maize germplasm resources and effectively improve the pertinence of maize breeding.[Methods]In this study,an evaluation of eight agronomic traits from 123 maize resources was conducted using various statistical methods,including the coefficient of variation,cluster analysis,correlation analysis,principal component analysis,and stepwise regression analysis.[Result]The coefficient of variation for the eight phenotypic traits ranged from 1.87%to 16.53%,with larger coefficients of variation observed for spike position,yield,growth period,and plant height.This indicated that there were higher variation in spike position,yield,growth period,and plant height among the tested materials,suggesting greater potential for selection.Breeders could use these four indicators for germplasm innovation activities.When the genetic distance in the cluster analysis chart was setup as 0.005,the 123 maize materials could be divided into four clusters,each with distinct trait differences.Through the comprehensive analysis of various agronomic traits,it was observed that Group I had a longer growth period and higher hundred-grain weight,indicating certain high yield potential;Group II maize resources had taller plant,shorter ear lengths,and shorter growth periods,resulting in overall poorer traits;Group III maize resources had lower ear positions,providing a characteristic that breeders could use for related germplasm innovation activities;Group IV maize resources had taller stems,longer ear lengths,higher hundred-grain weight,and a certain high-yield potential.Principal component analysis and comprehensive evaluation results showed that Meiya 1604 ranked first in overall traits among 123 maize materials,making it a suitable intermediate material for breeding.[Conclusion]Compared to simple agronomic trait analysis methods,comprehensive evaluation method screened out ten maize varieties with stronger overall traits.This evaluation method is more accurate and sci

关 键 词：农艺性状 综合评价 玉米品种 

分 类 号：S5-33[农业科学—作物学]