大功率感应电机复矢量电流控制器设计  

Design of Complex Vector Current Controller for High-power Induction Motor

作　　者：孙佳伟 姜涛 曲诗健 周正 李健 SUN Jiawei;JIANG Tao;QU Shijian;ZHOU Zheng;LI Jian(CRRC Dalian R&D Co.,Ltd.,Dalian,Liaoning 116052,China;State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology,SEEE,HUST,Wuhan,Hubei 630074,China)

机构地区：[1]中车大连电力牵引研发中心有限公司,辽宁大连116052 [2]华中科技大学电气与电子工程学院强电磁工程与新技术国家重点实验室,湖北武汉630074

出　　处：《控制与信息技术》2023年第4期25-33,共9页CONTROL AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

摘　　要：定子电流环控制在感应电机矢量控制中非常重要,直接影响系统的稳定性。为减少逆变器的损耗,大功率牵引系统往往运行在低开关频率下,其控制器带宽非常有限,且会产生较大的数字延时,使感应电机d轴、q轴的交叉耦合严重,导致系统动态过程中电流抖动较大,且动态响应速度严重降低,影响了电流环的控制性能。为此,文章在复矢量概念基础上建立感应电机数学模型,全面分析了交叉耦合效应的来源;同时分析了延时对异步电机数字矢量控制的影响,得到了克服延时的控制思路;最后,基于零极点对消原理,设计了一种考虑延时影响的复矢量控制器。在离散域内,该控制器消除了控制器传递函数中的耦合项,实现了d轴和q轴电流的有效解耦;同时,由于整个控制系统的传递函数是一个典型二阶系统,容易将其带宽调整至较高水平,故控制系统还具有较高的动态响应速度。仿真和实验结果表明,文章所提出的复矢量电流控制器相比于传统控制器方案,其交叉耦合误差在全速度范围内下降超过80个百分点,动态响应速度提升超过45%,且具有良好的控制性能。Stator current loop control is crucial in vector-controlled induction motors,due to its direct impact on system stability.In high-power traction systems,operating at a low switching frequency is a common practice to reduce inverter losses.This operational condition imposes limitations on the controller bandwidth and introduces significant digital delay,thereby exacerbating the cross-coupling between the d-axis and q-axis of the induction motors.This leads to increased current jitter in the dynamic process and significantly slower dynamic response,thus negatively affecting the control performance of the current loop.In order to overcome these challenges,a comprehensive analysis of the cross-coupling effect was first conducted in this study,using a mathematical model of induction motors based on the complex vector concept.Then ideas on how to overcome the delay were derived through analyzing the effect of delay on the digital vector control of asynchronous motors.At last,a complex vector controller considering the delay was designed,employing the zero-pole cancellation principle.In the discrete domain,the designed controller can eliminate the coupling terms in the controller transfer function,enabling effective current decoupling of the d-axis and q-axis.Moreover,the controller system exhibits a high dynamic response speed,as the system bandwidth can be easily adjusted to a high level,taking advantage of the typical second-order system in the transfer function of the whole control system.The results of simulation and experiment reveal the good control performance of the complex vector controller proposed in this paper.Across the entire speed range,the cross-coupling error is reduced by more than 80 percentage points,while the dynamic response speed is improved by more than 45%.

关 键 词：复矢量控制器 感应电机 矢量控制 解耦性能 定子电流环 大功率牵引系统 

分 类 号：U262.33[机械工程—车辆工程]