摩洛哥成矿地质背景与主要矿产资源  

Metallogenic geological background and major mineral resources in Morocco

作　　者：吴发富 向鹏 王建雄 刘江涛 王成刚 李福林 李闫华 胡鹏 WU Fafu;XIANG Peng;WANG Jianxiong;LIU Jiangtao;WANG Chenggang;LI Fulin;LI Yanhua;HU Peng(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质地质调查局武汉地质调查中心,湖北武汉430205

出　　处：《地质通报》2023年第8期1302-1317,共16页Geological Bulletin of China

基　　金：商务部援外地质调查项目《援摩洛哥十幅地球化学填图项目》(编号:202107);《援摩洛哥西阿特拉斯山地区地球化学和地质填图第一期技术合作项目》(编号:201426);《援摩洛哥东阿特拉斯Meknès-Tafilalt地区1∶10万地球化学填图技术合作项目》(编号:201426)。

摘　　要：摩洛哥受西非克拉通、大西洋和阿尔卑斯造山带三大构造域的联合作用,其构造历史久远,太古宙至新元古代早期西非克拉通的构造演化、泛非期构造岩浆活动、早古生代克拉通边缘的裂解与海西造山,以及中新生代构造活动在该区均有反应。受这种构造背景的控制,摩洛哥的矿床分布具有一定的时空规律,太古宙克拉通基底、伊比鲁利亚期岩基及泛非期构造带均有银、铁、铀、钽、铌、金、铜和稀土等矿产出露,加里东期有沉积型铁矿床产出,海西期有重要的VMS型铅-锌-铜矿床和矽卡岩型矿床产出,阿尔卑斯期有磷矿、MVT型铅-锌矿和重晶石矿等产出。沉积成矿作用、岩浆热液成矿作用及构造热液成矿作用在摩洛哥都有显著体现,最主要的矿产类型为磷酸盐矿、银矿、MVT型铅-锌矿及重晶石矿。The geological setting of Morocco is affected by three tectonic domains,including the West African Craton,the Atlantic and the Alps tectonic belt.It has undergone the long tectonic evolution and complex geological processes,including the tectonic evolution of West African Craton from the Archean to the early Neoproterozoic,the tectonic-magmatic activity during the Pan-African period,the rifting in West African Craton margin in early Paleozoic,the Hercynian orogeny and the tectonic activity during the Mesozoic and the Cenozoic.Under the control of this tectonic setting,most of the ore deposits in Morocco show the regular spatial and temporal distribution characteristics.Typically,some metal minerals such as Ag,Fe,U,Ta,Nb,Au,Cu and REE crop out in the Archean craton basement,the Eburnéen batholiths and the Pan-African tectonic belt;several of sedimentation type oolitic hematite deposits were formed during the Caledonian;some volcanogenic massive sulphide(VMS)Zn-Pb-Cu deposits and skarn type deposits occurred in the Hercynian;and the Alpine formed most of the phosphate deposits,the MVT type Pb-Zn deposits and the barite deposits,and so on.The sedimentary mineralization,magmatic-hydrothermal mineralization and tectonic-hydrothermal mineralization can be easily recognized in Morocco,and the main types of mineral resources are phosphate ore,silver ore,MVT Pb-Zn ore and barite ore.

关 键 词：摩洛哥 构造活动史 构造单元 矿产分布 磷酸盐 矿产勘查工程 

分 类 号：P612[天文地球—矿床学]