核酸定量检测与抗体确证检测在HIV感染诊断中的比较  

Application of nucleic acid quantitative assay and antibody confirmatory test in the diagnosis of HIV infection

作　　者：曾德军 赵茂岑 王茂芹 ZENG Dejun;ZHAO Maocen;WANG Maoqin(Deyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Deyang 618000,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]德阳市疾病预防控制中心,四川德阳618000

出　　处：《中国艾滋病性病》2023年第7期804-808,共5页Chinese Journal of Aids & STD

摘　　要：目的 评估HIV-1核酸定量检测与抗体确证检测在HIV感染诊断中的应用。方法 对2021-2022年四川省德阳市HIV初筛有反应,抗体确证阴性和不确定及低条带数判阳性的临床和自愿咨询检测样本,进行HIV-1核酸定量检测,并分析核酸定量结果与抗体确证结果的差异。结果 297份样本纳入研究,抗体确证阴性的样本中,3.19%(3/94)核酸定量>5 000拷贝/mL。不确定的样本中,50.61%(83/164)核酸定量>5 000拷贝/mL,出现gp160时,67.80%(80/118)核酸定量>5 000拷贝/mL。低条带数判阳性的样本中,25.64%(10/39)核酸定量未检出或≤5 000拷贝/mL。抗原抗体联合试剂初筛有反应样本中,56.63%(47/83)核酸定量>5 000拷贝/mL,抗体试剂初筛有反应样本中,31.78%(68/214)核酸定量>5 000拷贝/mL。结论 核酸定量检测与抗体确证检测在HIV感染诊断中各有优缺点,互为补充。采用抗原抗体联合试剂进行HIV初筛,可一定程度降低漏检。Objective To evaluate the application of HIV-1 nucleic acid quantitative assay and antibody confirmatory test in the diagnosis of HIV infection.Methods HIV-1 nucleic acid quantitative assay was performed on clinical and voluntary counseling samples with HIV preliminary screening positive,confirmatory testing negative/uncertainty,or positive due to reduced-band number in Deyang City,Sichuan Province,from 2021 to 2022.The difference between the result of nucleic acid quantification and antibody confirmation was analyzed.Results There were 297 samples included.Among the samples whose antibody confirmed negative,3.19%(3/94)were viral load(VL)>5000 copies/mL.Of the uncertain samples,50.61%(83/164)were VL>5000 copies/mL,and 67.80%(80/118)were VL>5000 copies/mL when gp160 was present.In the samples positive with reduced-band number,25.64%(10/39)of that were VL undetected or≤5000 copies/mL.Of the samples with preliminary screening positive,56.63%(47/83)via antigen-antibody combination test were VL>5000 copies/mL,and 31.78%(68/214)via antibody test were VL>5000 copies/mL.Conclusions Nucleic acid quantitative assay and antibody confirmatory test have their own advantages and disadvantages in the diagnosis of HIV infection,and the complementarity is of great importance in avoiding false detections.In HIV preliminary screening,the antigen-antibody combination detection can decrease the number of missing detections.

关 键 词：艾滋病病毒 核酸检测 抗体检测 诊断 

分 类 号：R512.91[医药卫生—内科学]