黄河流域有毒鱼类分布特征  

Distribution Characteristics of Venomous Fishes in the Yellow River Basin

作　　者：王俊[1] 江琳郎 王净净 赵晨杰 谷梦媛 曹盟佳 唐文家 WANG Jun;JIANG Lin-lang;WANG Jing-jing;ZHAO Chen-jie;GU Meng-yuan;CAO Meng-jia;TANG Wen-jia(State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China,Xi’an University of Technology,Xi′an 710048,China;Qinghai Ecological Environment Monitoring Center,Xining 810007,China)

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室,陕西西安710048 [2]青海省生态环境监测中心,青海西宁810007

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2023年第7期1456-1466,共11页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51709225);陕西省大学生互联网创新项目(S202110700196)。

摘　　要：为了辨识流域淡水有毒鱼类区系特征,结合历史资料和流域调查数据对黄河流域有毒鱼类的区系组成、空间分布及食性特征进行了研究。结果表明:黄河流域分布有毒鱼类67种,隶属10目16科41属,占鱼类总物种数的33.33%。在分类阶元上,从高阶到低阶分类单元中有毒鱼类占比逐渐降低。空间分布上,有毒鱼类物种数从源头到下游河口依次递增。黄河流域有毒鱼类中黄河裸裂尻鱼(Schizopygopsis pylzovi)和极边扁咽齿鱼(Platypharodon extremus)仅分布源头和上游河段,而弓斑东方鲀(Takifugu ocellatus)、星弓东方鲀(Takifugu obscurus)、红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes)和星点东方鲀(Takifugu niphobles)仅生活在下游河段,其余类型有毒鱼类在各河段均有分布。相似性分析表明各河段有毒鱼类区系分布相似较高,卡方检验(χ^(2))表明各河段有毒鱼类分布无显著差异(P>0.05)。黄河流域分布的67种有毒鱼类中共有6种毒素类型:胆毒25种,刺毒24种,卵毒7种,肝脏毒5种,鲀毒4种和血清毒2种。流域毒素类型以胆毒和刺毒为主体,与淡水有毒鱼类主要毒素类型吻合,且主要集中在鲤形目、鲇形目和鲈形目等3目。流域有毒鱼类食性类型共计7种,主要以肉食性和无脊椎动物食性为主,分别占有毒鱼类物种数的32.83%和28.36%。综合统计分析,黄河流域有毒鱼类分布广泛且毒素类型多样,研究结果可以为黄河流域有毒鱼类辨识和开发利用有毒鱼类资源提供科学支撑。In order to clarify and enhance awareness of freshwater venomous fishes,the fauna composition,spatial distribution and feeding characteristics of venomous fishes in the Yellow River Basin were studied based on historical and watershed fishes survey data.The results showed that 67 species from 41 genera,16 families and 10 orders of venomous fishes were found in the river basin,which accounted for 33.33 percent of the total species of fishes.In taxonomic level,the proportion of venomous fish in taxa decreased gradually from higher taxa to lower taxa.In spatial distribution level,the number of poisonous fish species increases from the source to the downstream estuary segment.Schizopygopsis pylzovi and Platypharodon extremus are only present in the source and upstream reach while other venomous fish species such as Takifugu ocellatus,Takifugu obscurus,Takifugu rubripes and Takifugu niphobles were only distributed in the estuary of the Yellow River and other venomous fishes were distributed in whole reach.The similarity analysis showed that the distribution of venomous fish fauna form was similar in all river segments and chi-square test(χ^(2))showed no significant difference in the distribution of venomous fish fauna in all river segments(P>0.05).There were twenty-five species of gall-bladder posinous fishes,twenty-four species of acanthotoxic fishes,seven species of ichthyootoxic fishes,five species of ichthyohepatoxic fishes,four species of puffer-like poisonous fishes and two species of ichthyohemotoxic fishes among the sixty-seven venomous fish species.The dominant toxic types in the Yellow river were gall-bladder posinous fishes and acanthotoxic fishes,which were consistent with the main toxin types of freshwater poisonous fish,and mainly concentrated on cypriniformes,siluriformes and perciformes.There were seven kinds of trophic guilds in venomous fishes in the river basin,which mainly concentrated on carnivorous and invertebrate feeding guild,accounting for 32.83 percent and 28.36 percent of the poisonous fis

关 键 词：黄河流域 有毒鱼类 分布格局 食性特征 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]