横断山区河流水系对乡村聚落分布的影响特征——以岷江上游为例  

Influence Characteristics of River Water System on Rural Settlement Distribution in Hengduan Mountain Area:A Case Study of the Upper Reaches of Minjiang River

作　　者：项清 于欢[1] 阚瑷珂 黄弘 何杰 XIANG Qing;YU Huan;KAN Ai-ke;HUANG Hong;HE Jie(College of Earth Science,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China;College of Tourism and Urban-Rural Planning,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China;Research Center for Human Geography of Tibetan Plateau and Its Eastern Slope,Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of Colleges in Sichuan Province,Chengdu 610059,China)

机构地区：[1]成都理工大学地球科学学院,四川成都610059 [2]成都理工大学旅游与城乡规划学院,四川成都610059 [3]四川省高等学校人文社会科学重点研究基地青藏高原及其东缘人文地理研究中心,四川成都610059

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2023年第7期1510-1520,共11页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41971226,41871357);青海省重点研发与成果转化计划项目(2022-QY-224);国家重点基础研究发展规划项目课题(2017YFC1503103)。

摘　　要：岷江上游河流水系的结构特征与复杂地貌环境构建了山区独特的水生态与水环境基础,从而塑造了流域聚落特殊的分布规律。研究分别通过河流邻近距离、河道剖面的海拔变化、集水流域等级以及河流水系发育的复杂程度,展开对岷江上游聚落分布的平面形态、垂直变化、类型分布和空间分异的分析。并利用地理探测器揭示岷江上游水文环境耦合地貌特征影响山区聚落分布的作用机制。研究结果如下:(1)聚落具有附主干河流呈“线状”分布的特征;总体上聚落随岷江支流河道海拔升高数量降低,但在不同支流上具有一定差异。岷江干流沿线聚落随河道剖面海拔升高呈现“U型”分布特征,聚落集中分布在海拔873~1588 m和1877~3369 m的河道两侧;不同民族类型聚落的分布具有明显的集水区等级指向性,如1级集水区仅藏族聚落分布,而汉族聚落几乎全部分布于10级集水区;聚落密度总体随流域水系分维数升高而增大,且在不同支流流域上具有不同空间分异规律。(2)地理探测器表明河流水系密度、水系分维数、海拔高程、地形起伏度是影响岷江上游聚落分布的主控因子,且具有显著的非线性交互增强效应。(3)通过阶地发育、孕灾风险、气候环境和地貌景观特征的讨论,揭示了岷江上游水文特征与地貌环境耦合形成的生产生活环境被流域居民适应性选择和利用,从而形成河流水系影响聚落分布的内部机制。The structural characteristics of river system and complex geomorphic environment in the upper reaches of Minjiang River construct the unique water ecology and water environment foundation in mountainous areas,thus shaping the special distribution law of watershed settlements.The study analyzed the plane shape,vertical change,type distribution and spatial differentiation of settlement distribution in the upper reaches of Minjiang River through the adjacent distance of the river,the altitude change of river profile,the grade of catchment basin and the complexity of river system development.The geographic detector is used to reveal the mechanism of hydrological environment coupling geomorphic characteristics affecting the distribution of settlements in mountainous areas in the upper reaches of Minjiang River.The results are as follows:(1)the settlement has the characteristics of“linear”distribution attached to the main river;In general,the number of settlements decreases with the increase of the elevation of Minjiang River tributaries,but there are some differences in different tributaries.The settlements along the main stream of Minjiang River show“U-shaped”distribution characteristics with the increase of river profile altitude.The settlements are concentrated on both sides of the river at an altitude of 873-1588 m and 1877-3369 m;The distribution of settlements of different ethnic groups has obvious catchment level directivity.For example,only Tibetan settlements are distributed in level 1 catchment area,while almost all Han settlements are distributed in level 10 catchment area;The overall settlement density increases with the increase of fractal dimension of watershed water system,and has different spatial differentiation laws in different tributary watersheds.(2)The geographic detector shows that the density of river water system,fractal dimension of water system,altitude and topographic relief are the main control factors affecting the settlement distribution in the upper reaches of Minjiang River,an

关 键 词：山区聚落 河流水系 河道剖面 阶地发育 

分 类 号：S688[农业科学—观赏园艺] TV982.29[农业科学—园艺学]