控释掺混肥对沿江单季稻产量及磷流失风险的影响  

Effects of controlled release mixing fertilizer on yield of single-cropping rice and the risk of phosphorus loss along the Yangtze River

作　　者：王童语 钟成虎 吴晓鹏 张睿 王道中 王静[2,3] 花可可 朱林[1] WANG Tongyu;ZHONG Chenghu;WU Xiaopeng;ZHANG Rui;WANG Daozhong;WANG Jing;HUA Keke;ZHU Lin(School of Resources and Environment,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036;Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Re-sources Environment of Anhui Province,Hefei 230031;Institute of Soil and Fertilizer,Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hefei 230001;Maoshi Agriculture Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.,Qingyang 242800;Xiaoxian Yonggu Agricultural Technology Exten-sion Service Station,Suzhou 234000;Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu 610299)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学资源与环境学院,合肥230036 [2]养分循环与资源环境安徽省重点实验室,合肥230031 [3]安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,合肥230001 [4]茂施农业科技有限公司,青阳242800 [5]萧县永堌镇农业技术推广服务站,宿州234000 [6]中国科学院成都山地灾害与环境研究所,成都610299

出　　处：《安徽农业大学学报》2023年第4期683-691,共9页Journal of Anhui Agricultural University

基　　金：安徽省科技重大专项(201903a06020028);安徽省自然科学基金(2008085MD108);安徽省重点研究与开发计划(2022107020004)共同资助。

摘　　要：控释掺混肥作为一种高效的新型肥料被广泛用于大田生产。为阐明不同用量控释掺混肥对单季稻产量、磷素利用效率和田面水磷流失风险的影响,以水环境敏感的沿江地区单季稻-休闲的种植模式为对象,研究不施肥(CK)、常规施肥(NPK,总磷量108 kg·hm-2)、控释掺混肥减磷30%(CMF1)、控释掺混肥减磷40%(CMF2)和控释掺混肥减磷50%(CMF3)对沿江单季稻产量、磷素吸收利用和田面水磷形态浓度的影响。结果表明,CMF1、CMF2和CMF3处理均不会对水稻产量造成减产,并能减少单季稻田生态系统磷素盈余量,其中以CMF3处理效果最佳。与NPK处理相比,CMF1、CMF2和CMF3显著减少田面水中总磷、可溶性总磷和颗粒态磷的浓度,田面水总磷降低的比例分别为38.6%、47.9%和50.4%,可溶性总磷降低的比例为42.6%、45.9%和50.8%,颗粒态磷降低的比例为32.4%、58.6%和43.8%,且CMF1和CMF3处理减少了可溶性总磷和磷酸盐的占比,增加了颗粒态磷和可溶性有机磷的占比,改变了田面水磷素分布形态。整体而言,一次性施用控释掺混肥能在保障水稻产量的情况下,节本增收,减少稻田磷盈余量,从而降低田面水磷素浓度,对减少农田磷素流失和农业非点源磷污染防控具有显著效果,其中以CMF2综合经济效益最好,适宜在沿江单季稻区推广应用。Controlled release mixing fertilizer as a high efficiency new type fertilizer is widely applied to the croplands in agroecological systems.In order to clarify the effects of controlled release mixing fertilizer on yield of single-cropping rice and to select an environmentally friendly phosphorus application practice,this study was ori-ented to analyze crop yield,phosphorus utilization efficiency and the risk of phosphorus loss in surface water based on a fertilization field experiment along the Yangtze River.Five treatments were designed,including none fertiliza-tion(CK),traditional fertilization(NPK,108 kg·hm-2),reducing 30%phosphorus(CMF1),reducing 40%phosphorus(CMF2)and reducing 50%phosphorus(CMF3)by controlled release mixing fertilizer.Results showed that there was no significant difference in the rice yield among NPK,CMF1,CMF2 and CMF3 treatments.The controlled re-lease mixing fertilizer treatments also reduced the phosphorus surplus in single season rice fields,with the CMF3 treatment being the most effective.Compared with NPK treatment,CMF1,CMF2 and CMF3 significantly reduced the concentration of total phosphorus,dissolved total phosphorus and particulate phosphorus in field water by 38.6%,47.9%and 50.4%,respectively,total soluble phosphorus by 42.6%,45.9%and 50.8%and particulate phosphorus by 32.4%,58.6%and 43.8%.The controlled release mixing fertilizer treatments,especially CMF1 and CMF3 treat-ments,changed the distribution pattern of phosphorus in field water by reducing the proportion of dissolved total phosphorus and phosphate and increasing the proportion of particulate phosphorus and dissolved organic phosphorus.In conclusion,our findings indicated that controlled release mixing fertilizer application,especially for reducing 40%phosphorus(62.1 kg·hm-2),is a prefer phosphorus management practice for maintaining rice yield,improving phos-phorus efficiency and reducing the risk of agricultural none point phosphorus pollution.Therefore,the practice should be recommended in the single cropping rice reg

关 键 词：控释掺混肥 田面水磷 单季稻 沿江地区 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学]