不同生长阶段饲粮添加棉籽粕对快大型肉鸡生长性能、营养物质表观代谢率以及粪便评分的影响  

Effects of Diets Supplemented with Cottonseed Meal at Different Growth Stages on Growth Performance,Nutrient Apparent Metabolic Rates and Fecal Score of Fast⁃Growing Broilers

作　　者：刘优优 张莹 韩明霞 冯玉静 赵峰[2] 萨仁娜[2] 王钰明[2] 李蕴玉[1] 解竞静[2] LIU Youyou;ZHANG Ying;HAN Mingxia;FENG Yujing;ZHAO Feng;SA Renna;WANG Yuming;LI Yunyu;XIE Jingjing(Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hebei Province,Hebei Normal University of Science&Technology,Qinhuangdao 066604,China;State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition,Institute of Animal Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]河北科技师范学院,河北省预防兽医学重点实验室,秦皇岛066604 [2]中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,动物营养学国家重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2023年第8期5085-5094,共10页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系北京市家禽创新团队岗位专家项目(BAIC06-2022)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究不同生长阶段饲粮添加少量棉籽粕时快大型肉鸡的生长性能、营养物质表观代谢率以及粪便评分,为合理使用棉籽粕提供科学依据。试验采用2×2裂区试验设计,将80只爱拔益加(AA)公雏单笼饲养并随机分为2组(n=40),1~10日龄分别饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮和添加4%棉籽粕的试验饲粮。10日龄时,每个组再随机分为2组(n=20),分别饲喂基础饲粮和试验饲粮,直至42日龄。结果显示:育雏期(1~10日龄)和育成期(11~42日龄)饲粮处理对21日龄体重和氮沉积量存在交互效应(P<0.05),育雏期或育成期饲喂添加4%棉籽粕的试验饲粮均显著降低了21日龄体重和氮沉积量(P<0.05)。育雏期饲喂添加4%棉籽粕的试验饲粮的肉鸡10日龄体重较饲喂基础饲粮的肉鸡显著降低(P<0.05);育成期饲喂添加4%棉籽粕的试验饲粮的肉鸡42日龄体重和21~42日龄平均日增重较饲喂基础饲粮的肉鸡显著降低(P<0.05),同时21~42日龄平均日采食量和料重比有降低的趋势(0.05≤P<0.10)。饲粮干物质、能量、粗脂肪以及粗蛋白质表观代谢率各处理间无显著差异(P>0.05);育成期饲粮中添加4%棉籽粕显著提高了粗纤维表观代谢率(P<0.05),有降低粗灰分表观代谢率的趋势(0.05≤P<0.10)。育雏期饲粮中添加4%棉籽粕显著提高了42日龄肉鸡肌胃相对重量(P<0.05),而育成期饲粮中添加4%棉籽粕显著增加了42日龄肉鸡小肠和盲肠相对长度(P<0.05)。从粪便评分来看,饲粮中添加4%棉籽粕有利于粪便成形,育雏期饲粮中添加4%棉籽粕显著降低了血便发生比例(P<0.05)。综上可知,尽管育雏期饲粮中使用4%棉籽粕可以改善快大型肉鸡的肠道健康,但对其生长性能仍有负面影响。This experiment investigated the growth performance,nutrients apparent metabolic rates and fecal score in fast⁃growing broilers when diets added small amounts of cottonseed meal(CSM),with an aim to pro⁃vide scientific evidence for appropriate usage of CSM.A 2×2 split⁃plot design was adopted in the experiment.Eighty Arbor Acres(AA)male broiler chicks were individually caged and randomly divided into two groups(n=40),fed with corn⁃soybean meal basal diet and experimental diet supplemented with 4%CSM from 1 to 10 days of age,respectively.On 10 days of age,each group was randomly divided into 2 subgroups,fed with basal diet and the CSM⁃added experimental diet until 42 days of age,respectively.The results found a signifi⁃cant interaction between starter period(1 to 10 days of age)dietary treatment and grow⁃out period(11 to 42 days of age)dietary treatment on body weight at 21 days of age and nitrogen retention(P<0.05),where in⁃clusion of 4%CSM in diets at the starter period or grow⁃out period significantly lowered body weight at 21 days of age and nitrogen retention(P<0.05).The body weight at 10 days of age was significantly lower in chicks receiving 4%CSM⁃added experimental diet during the starter period than those receiving the basal diet(P<0.05);the body weight at 42 days of age,average daily gain at 21 to 42 days of age were significantly lower in chicks receiving 4%CSM⁃added experimental diet during the grow⁃out period than those receiving the basal diet(P<0.05),and trended to decrease the average daily feed intake and feed/gain(0.05≤P<0.10).There were no significant differences in the apparent metabolic rates of dry matter,gross energy,ether extract and crude protein among all treatments(P>0.05),but inclusion of 4%CSM in the diet at the grow⁃out period significantly increased the crude fiber apparent metabolic rate(P<0.05),and tended to decrease the ash appar⁃ent metabolic rate(0.05≤P<0.10).Diet supplemented with 4%CSM at the starter period significantly in⁃creased the relative

关 键 词：棉籽粕 快大型肉鸡 生长性能 营养物质表观代谢率 粪便评分 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]