饲粮添加锌和锰对产蛋后期蛋鸭产蛋性能、蛋壳品质和骨骼质量的影响  

Effects of Dietary Zinc and Manganese on Laying Performance,Eggshell Quality and Bone Quality of Laying Ducks in Late Laying Period

作　　者：金永燕 田何芳 陈伟 王爽 夏伟光 金成龙 黄雪冰 李凯潮 王胜林 刘文超 郑春田 张亚男 JIN Yongyan;TIAN Hefang;CHEN Wei;WANG Shuang;XIA Weiguang;JIN Chenglong;HUANG Xuebing;LI Kaichao;WANG Shenglin;LIU Wenchao;ZHENG Chuntian;ZHANG Ya’nan(Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition,Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding,Institute of Animal Science,Guangdong Academy of Agriculture Science,Guangzhou 510640,China;College of Binhai Agricultural,Guangdong Ocean University,Zhanjiang 524000,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所,畜禽育种国家重点实验室,农业农村部华南动物营养与饲料重点实验室广东省动物育种与营养公共实验室,广东省畜禽育种与营养研究重点实验室,广州510640 [2]广东海洋大学滨海农业学院,湛江524000

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2023年第8期5164-5181,共18页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31802082);广东省自然科学基金(2019A1515012231);国家水禽产业技术体系(CARS-42-13);广东省水禽产业技术创新团队(2019KJ137);广东省农业科学院高水平科技创新战略建设专项资金(202106TD,R2021PY-QY005);重点研究室开放课题(2021GZ05,YDWS202106);广州市基础与应用基础研究(202201011061)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究饲粮添加锌和锰对产蛋后期蛋鸭产蛋性能、蛋壳品质和骨骼质量的影响。采用4×3双因素完全随机试验设计,其中锌水平分别为0、20、40和80 mg/kg,锰水平分别为0、20和40 mg/kg。选取864只健康、产蛋率相近的产蛋后期(61周龄)龙岩山麻鸭,随机分为12个组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只鸭。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,其中锌含量24 mg/kg、锰含量38 mg/kg;各试验组在基础饲粮中额外添加对应水平的锌和锰。预试期2周,正试期16周。结果表明:1)80 mg/kg锌添加组蛋鸭第9~12周和第1~16周平均日采食量最低,显著低于其他组(P<0.05);第1~4周破蛋率最低,显著低于0和20 mg/kg锌添加组(P<0.05)。饲粮添加锌和锰对蛋鸭第13~16周和第1~16周产蛋率、第1~4周和第1~16周平均蛋重、第13~16周和第1~16周日产蛋重、第9~12周和第13~16周平均日采食量以及第1~4周破蛋率有显著交互作用(P<0.05)。第1~16周,蛋鸭产蛋率和日产蛋重均在80 mg/kg锌+40 mg/kg锰添加组最高,平均蛋重在20 mg/kg锌+40 mg/kg锰添加组最高;第1~4周,破蛋率在40 mg/kg锌+20 mg/kg锰添加组最低。2)饲粮添加锌或锰对蛋鸭蛋壳品质指标均无显著影响(P>0.05);饲粮添加锌和锰对第8周蛋壳强度、第4周和第8周蛋壳韧性、第8周蛋壳重以及第12周蛋壳比例有显著交互作用(P<0.05)。其中,40 mg/kg锌+20 mg/kg锰添加组蛋壳品质较好。3)与未添加锌组相比,80 mg/kg锌添加组蛋鸭胫骨管围、股骨管围和鲜重、肱骨管围和尺骨密度显著降低(P<0.05)。饲粮添加锰对蛋鸭骨骼质量指标均无显著影响(P>0.05)。饲粮添加锌和锰对蛋鸭尺骨密度有显著交互作用(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮同时添加锌和锰可提高产蛋后期蛋鸭产蛋性能,改善蛋壳品质,降低破蛋率,但80 mg/kg锌会降低骨骼质量。在改善蛋壳品质和降低破蛋率,且不影响产蛋性能和骨骼质量的前提下,建议产蛋后期蛋This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary zinc and manganese on laying performance,eggshell quality and bone quality of laying ducks in late laying period.A 4×3 two⁃factor com⁃pletely randomized trial design was used,in which zinc levels were 0,20,40 and 80 mg/kg and manganese levels were 0,20 and 40 mg/kg,respectively.A total of 864 healthy Longyan Shan⁃Ma ducks in late laying period(61 weeks of age)with similar laying rate were randomly divided into 12 groups with 6 replicates per group and 12 ducks per replicate.The control group was fed a corn⁃soybean meal type basal diet with 24 mg/kg zinc and 38 mg/kg manganese,and the experimental groups were supplemented with the corre⁃sponding levels of zinc and manganese in the basal diet.The pretrial period lasted for 2 weeks and the experi⁃mental period lasted for 16 weeks.The results showed as follows:1)the average daily feed intake of laying ducks in weeks 9 to 12 and weeks 1 to 16 in 80 mg/kg zinc supplemental group was the lowest,and signifi⁃cantly lower than that in the other groups(P<0.05);the broken egg rate in weeks 1 to 4 was the lowest,which was significantly lower than that in 0 and 20 mg/kg zinc supplemental groups(P<0.05).Dietary zinc and manganese had significant interaction effects on laying rate in weeks 13 to 16 and weeks 1 to 16,average egg weight in weeks 1 to 4 and weeks 1 to 16,daily egg weight in weeks 13 to 16 and weeks 1 to 16,average daily feed intake in weeks 9 to 12 and weeks 13 to 16,and broken egg rate in weeks 1 to 4(P<0.05).In weeks 1 to 16,the highest laying rate and daily egg weight were found in 80 mg/kg zinc+40 mg/kg manga⁃nese supplemental group,and the highest average egg weight was found in 20 mg/kg zinc+40 mg/kg manga⁃nese supplemental group.In weeks 1 to 4,the broken egg rate in 40 mg/kg zinc+20 mg/kg manganese supple⁃mental group was the lowest.2)Dietary zinc or manganese had no significant effects on eggshell quality indi⁃ces of laying ducks(P>0.05);dietary zinc and manganese ha

关 键 词：锌 锰 蛋鸭 产蛋后期 交互作用 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]