不同生理阶段荷斯坦后备奶牛生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及瘤胃甲烷排放规律研究  

Study on Growth Performance,Nutrient Apparent Digestibility and Rumen Methane Emission Rule of Holstein Heifers at Different Physiological Stages

作　　者：刘卓凡 李博为 许贵善[1] 高彦华[3] 焦浩鹏 刁其玉[2] 董利锋[2] LIU Zhuofan;LI Bowei;XU Guishan;GAO Yanhua;JIAO Haopeng;DIAO Qiyu;DONG Lifeng(College of Animal Science and Technology,Tarim University,Alar 843300,China;Sino-US Joint Lab on Nutrition and Metabolism of Ruminants,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;College of Life Science and Technology,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu 610041,China;New Hope Agricultural and Livestock Technology Co.,Ltd.,Chengdu 610023,China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学动物科学与技术学院,阿拉尔843300 [2]中国农业科学院饲料研究所,反刍动物及其幼畜营养代谢中美联合研究中心,北京100081 [3]西南民族大学生命科学与技术学院,成都610041 [4]新希望生态牧业有限公司,成都610023

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2023年第8期5200-5208,共9页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFE0130100);国家自然科学基金项目(31802085);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费(Y2022GH12)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究不同生理阶段(18、21、24月龄)荷斯坦后备奶牛生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及瘤胃甲烷(CH4)排放规律。选用30头体况良好的荷斯坦后备奶牛,按照月龄和体重分为3个组(每组10头):18月龄组,体重为(512.2±11.9) kg;21月龄组,体重为(548.0±6.6) kg;24月龄组,体重为(608.1±6.0) kg。每个阶段的试验期为28 d,其中预试期7 d,正试期21 d。在每个试验期的第1、14、28天测定每头奶牛的体重,第26、27、28天连续采集饲粮和粪便样品,进行常规营养成分分析和营养物质表观消化率计算;采用GreenFeed测定系统测定每头奶牛瘤胃CH4和二氧化碳(CO_(2))排放量。结果表明:1)18、21、24月龄荷斯坦后备奶牛的体重、干物质采食量和总能摄入量随着月龄的增大而显著升高(P<0.05),平均日增重随着月龄的增大而显著降低(P<0.05)。2)18、21、24月龄荷斯坦后备奶牛干物质表观消化率随着月龄的增大而显著升高(P<0.05)。3)18、21、24月龄荷斯坦后备奶牛瘤胃CH4排放量、CH4/代谢体重、甲烷能和甲烷能/总能摄入量随着月龄的增大而显著升高(P<0.05)。综上所述,随着荷斯坦后备奶牛生理阶段的递进(18、21、24月龄),其瘤胃CH4排放量显著增加,主要原因可能是体重和干物质采食量的增加促进了CH4的合成。This experiment aims to study the growth performance,apparent nutrient digestibility and rumen methane(CH_(4))emission rule of Holstein heifers at different physiological stages(18,21 and 24 months of age).Thirty healthy Holstein heifers were selected and divided into three groups(10 cows per group)based on month of age and weight:the 18 months of age group,the body weight was(512.2±11.9)kg;the 21 months of age group,the body weight was(548.0±6.6)kg;the 24 months of age group,the body weight was(608.1±6.0)kg.The experimental period for each stage was 28 days,with a pre⁃experimental period of 7 days and an experimental period of 21 days.The body weight of each cow on the 1st,14th and 28th days of each experimental period was measured,and continuously collected the feed and fecal samples on the 26th,27th and 28th days for routine nutrient analysis and calculation of nutrient apparent digestibility;the GreenFeed measurement system was used to measure the rumen CH_(4) and carbon dioxide(CO2)emissions of each cow.The results showed as follows:1)the body weight,dry matter intake and total energy intake of Holstein heif⁃ers at 18,21 and 24 months of age were significantly increased with the month of age increased(P<0.05),while the average daily gain was significantly decreased with the month of age increased e(P<0.05).2)The dry matter apparent digestibility of Holstein heifers at 18,21 and 24 months of age was significantly increased with the month of age increased(P<0.05).3)The rumen CH_(4) emission,CH_(4)/metabolic body weight,meth⁃ane energy and methane energy/total energy intake of Holstein heifers were significantly increased with the month of age increased(P<0.05).In summary,with the physiological stage of Holstein heifers progresses(18,21 and 24 months of age),their rumen CH_(4) emission significantly increase,the main reason may be that the increase in body weight and dry matter intake promotes CH_(4) synthesis.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutri⁃tion,2023,35(8):5200⁃5208]

关 键 词：荷斯坦后备奶牛 平均日增重 营养物质表观消化率 甲烷排放 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]